Chapter 21 American Pageant Identifications

Battle of Bull run

First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington (either battle name acceptable)

Peninsula campaign

McClellan's disastrously unsuccessful attempt to end the war quickly by a back-door conquest of Richmond

Battle of Antietam

Key battle of 1862 that forestalled European intervention to aid the Confederacy and led to the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

Document that proclaimed slaves in territories in rebellion to be free and guaranteed a fight to the finish

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment, passed eight months after the Civil War, that permanently ended slavery throughout the United States

Vicksburg

Crucial Confederate fortress on the Mississippi whose fall to Grant in 1863 cut the South in two

Gettysburg

Pennsylvania battle that ended Lee's last hopes of achieving victory through an invasion of the North

Sherman's March

Campaign through Georgia that stirred southern hatred by waging total war against the southern civilian economy and morale

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who openly opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South

"the man without a country"

Edward Everett Hale's fictional story of treason and banishment, inspired by the actual wartime banishing of Copperhead Clement Vallandigham

Atlanta

Georgia city captured and burned by Sherman just before the election of 1864

Union Party

The temporary 1864 coalition of Republicans and War Democrats that backed Lincoln's re-election

Fords Theater

Washington site where Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865

Appomattox court house

Virginia site where Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865

English Reform bill of 1867

English law under which Britain became a modern democracy, influenced by the Union victory in the Civil War

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

Daring Southern commander killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville

George Pickett

Southern officer whose failed charge at Gettysburg marked "the high water mark of the Confederacy

William T. Sherman

Ruthless Northern general who waged a march through Georgia

Robert E. Lee

Gentlemanly top commander of the Confederate army

The Wilderness

Site of one of Grant's bloody battles with the Confederates near Richmond in 1864

Antietam

Crucial battle in Maryland that staved off European recognition of the Confederacy

Salmon P. Chase

Ambitious secretary of the treasury who wanted to replace Lincoln as president in 1864

John Wilkes Booth

Fanatical actor whose act of violence actually harmed the South

Ulysses S. Grant

Union commander who first made his mark with victories in the West

Andrew Johnson

Southern War Democrat who ran as Lincoln's Union party vice-presidential candidate in 1864

Clement Vallandigham

Notorious Copperhead, convicted of treason, who ran for governor of Ohio while exiled to Canada

George McClellan

Union general who repudiated his party's Copperhead platform and polled 45 percent of the popular vote in 1864

Bull run

Site of two important Civil War battles, the first a Union defeat in very early days of the war