2_Theories of Development

what us theory

it explains why s phenomenon happens

what is a model

structure and organization but doesn’t explain why

what is eriksons psychosocial theory

there are 8 sequential stages that a person goes through

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 1

infancy

conflict: trust & mistrust

• trust reliable care

  • mistrust insufficient or unreliable care

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 2

early childhood

conflict : autonomy vs shame & doubt

• autonomy - sense of independence

  • shame/doubt - without a sence of independence

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 3

preschool

• initiative vs guilt

  • initiative - feeling capable and leading others

  • guilt self doubt

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 4

school age

• industry vs inferiority

  • competence, confidence in ability

  • inferiority - doubt in ability

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 5

Adolescence

conflict - idenitity vs confusion

• identity - sense of self and independence

• confusion - weak sense of self & insecurity

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 6

young adulthood

conflict: intimacy vs isolation

• intimacy - loveing & enduring relationships

• isolation - loneliness

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 7

middle adulthood

conflict: generativity vs stagnation

• generatively - useful & accomplishment

• stagnation - shallow involvement in the world

eriksons psychosocial theory stage 8

maturity

conflict: integrity vs despair

• integrity - wisdom and statisfaction

  • despair - regret

what is assimilation

process by which people understand experiene in terms of their current way of thinking

what is accommodation

changing existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with stimuli or events

what are the 4 stages of piaget theort of cognitive develompment

sensorimotor

preoperational

concrete operational

formal operational

what is the sensorimotor stage

children learn about the world by interacting with objects

knowledge is the product of motor behaviour

what are the substages of the sensorimotor stage

1) simple reflexes

6) beinnings of thought

what is the simple reflexes substage

first month of life

reflexive behaviours

what is the beginnings of thought substage

18months - 2 yrs

capacity for mental represetation or symbolic thought

what is the preoperational stage

thinks pre operationally - pre organization, formal etc

symbolic function - ability to use mental symbol a word or a object to represent something

largly egocentric

what is centration

process of conectrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects

what is conservation

concept that changes the appearance of an object does not necessarliy change the properties of the object

what is the concrete operational stage

applying logical operations of concrete problems

take multiple aspects of a situation into accound, known as decentering

critical limitation- thinking is tied to concrete, physical reality

what is the formal operational stage

develope the ability to think abstractly

increases in logic and ability ro use deductive reasoning

conflict of infancy

trust vs mistrust

conflict of early childhood

autonomy vs shame & doubt

conflict of preschool

initiative vs guilt

what is the conflict of school age

industry vs inferiority

conflict of adolescence

identity vs confusion

conflict of young adulthood

intmacy vs isolation

conflict of middle adulthood

generatively vs stagnation

conflict of maturity

integrity vs dispair