Basic Tools (4th Quarter)

Ruler

Are made of steel and are either rigid or flexible

Inch

The most commonly measurement used in aircraft work

Combination Sets

A tool that has several uses.

Combination Sets

Combined with the square or stock head are a level and scriber.

Scriber

It is designed to serve the aviation mechanic in the same way a pencil or pen serves a writer.

Scriber

In general, it is used to scribe or mark lines on metal surfaces.

Scriber

It is made of tool steel, 4 to 12 inches long, and has two needle pointed ends. One end is bent at a 90° angle for reaching and marking through holes.

Dividers

They are layout tools that are used to accurately lay out circles and arcs and for transferring dimensions on metal.

outside micrometer
inside micrometer
depth micrometer
thread micrometer

4 Types of micrometer calipers

micrometer calipers

These instruments are used to measure the thickness of sheet metal, the out-of-roundness of cylindrical objects such as piston pins, and the degree of stretch of valve stems.

Inside and Outside Calipers
Hermaphrodite Calipers
Micrometer Calipers
Vernier Calipers

Calipers

Vernier Caliper

It is a versatile precision instrument used to measure both inside and outside dimensions.

Inside and Outside Calipers

have legs with ends that curve to the outside and have legs with ends that curve to the inside.

Inside Calipers

Legs with ends that curve to the outside

Outside Calipers

Legs with ends that curve to the inside

Metal shop equipment

This include the powered and non-powered metal cutting machines, such as the various types of saws, powered and non shears.

Vises
Bar Clamps
C-Clamps

Work Holding Equipment

Squeeze
Spring Clamps

Adjustable Clamps

Power Shears
Nibblers
Shears
Notchers
Bench Mounted Shear

Metal Cutting Machines

Brake
Hand Seamer
Slip Roll Former
Grinders

Metal Forming

Rivet Guns
Hand Rivet
Rivet Sets
Bucking Bars
Rivet Cutter

Riveting

Welding Machines

They are used to permanently connect metal pieces with heat generated from electrical energy.

Arc Welding

This type of welding uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between the welder's electrode and the metal being welded.

SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW

Types of arc welding

Energy Welding

Also known as laser or electron beam welding, this process is faster and is easy to automate

Gas Welding

Also known as oxyacetylene welding, this makes use of an open flame fed by acetylene gas through the welding torch.

Resistance Welding

Sometimes called spot welding, the current melts a very small section or spot of the two metals to the melting point, sealing them together.

Solid State Welding

It is interesting because it joins two pieces of metal via pressure and vibration. No heat is used to melt the metals.

Forge Welding

The oldest type of welding practiced by blacksmiths. Two pieces of low carbon steel are heated to 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit and hammered together

Day Marshalling

Marshalls identify themselves to pilots by energetic waving of the arms in a circular motion & wearing hi-vis clothing

Night Marshalling

Navigation lights must always be on, and taxi lights used. Marshallers carry wands or torches for identification and must be always visible by the pilot.

Danger Zones

Are those areas in which there is a high risk of injury to personnel when aircraft components or systems are operated on the ground.

Engine intakes - sucking
Engine exhausts – blowing & hot
Propellers – always considered as “live”
Helicopter rotors – prone to “blade sail”

Danger zones include:

This Gate (Identifying Gate)

Raise fully extended arms straight above head with wands pointing up, move hands fore and aft to keep from blending into background.

Continue to taxi straight ahead

Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from waist to head.

Slow down

Move extended arms downwards in a “patting gesture”, moving wands up and down from waist to knees.

Turn Right

With left arm and wand extended at a 90° angle to the body, right hand makes the come ahead signal.

Turn Left

With right arm and wand extended at a 90° angle to the body, left hand makes the come ahead signal.

Set Brakes

Raise hand just above shoulder height with open palm. Ensuring eye contact with the flight crew, close hand into a fist

Release Brakes

Raise hand just above shoulder height with hand closed in a fist. Ensuring eye contact with the flight crew, open palm.

Chocks Inserted

With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands inward in a “jabbing” motion until the wands touch.

Chocks Removed

With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands outward in a “jabbing” motion.

Start Engines

Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up and start a circular motion with hand, at the same time with the left arm raised above head level point to aircraft.

Stop/Emergency Stop

Fully extend arms and wands to cross above the head.