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Somatic Nervous System
System of nerves linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs.
Autonomic Nervous System
System of nerves carrying information to and from the internal organs and glands
Sympathetic Nervous System
Division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy.
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
Limbic System
Set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory.
Amygdala
Part of the limbic system associated with the emotional processing
Cerebellum
Structure in the hindbrain involved in controlling coordination and balance.
Motor Cortex
Region of the frontal lobes involved in regulating body movement.
Hypothalamus
Small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs.
All-or-none Principle
Neurons fire action potentials all the way down the axons or not at all.
Midbrain
Brain structure that connects the hindbrain with the forebrain.
Action Potential
Brief change in a neuron's electrical charge.
Hormone
Chemical released by the endocrine glands.
Glia
Components of the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons.
Motor Neurons
Cells in the nervous system that transmit commands from the central nervous system
Neuron
Cell in the nervous system that transmits information.
Position Emission Tomography (PET)
High-resolution imaging technique that captures brain activity by attaching radioactive particles to glucose molecules.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Technique that records activity levels in various areas of the brain.
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Device that records electrical activity in the brain.
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitters related to muscle movement and heart rate.
Endorphine
Chemicals the body produces that have painkilling and pleasurable effects.
Spinal Cord
The column of nerves that transmits information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
Cell Body
Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus of the cell.
Axon
Fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron.
Dendrites
Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages.
Reticular Formation
Collection of cells and fibers in the hindbrain and midbrain involved in arousal and attention.
Parietal lobe
Area of the cortex in which bodily sensations register.
Temporal Lobe
Areas of the cortex that include the sites in which hearing registers.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical that moves in formation from one nervous system cell to another.
Pituitary Gland
Master gland of the endocrine system that controls the action of all other glands.
Receptor Site
Area on the surface of a neuron and other cells that is sensitive to neurotransmitters and hormones.
Frontal Lobe
Movement, sense of self, higher mental functions
Thalamus
Brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
Occipital lobe
Area at the back of the brain that plays a role in visual processing.
Synapse
Microscopic space over which messages pass between 2 neurons.
Hippocampus
Stores memories.
Cerebral Cortex
Thin, wrinkles outer covering of the brain in which high-level processing takes place.
Corpus Callosum
Thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects the 2 cerebral .
Medulla
Structure that connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions.