Chapter 2: States

State

Organization that controls force over an area

Sovereignty

Ability to carry out power and authority independently

Regime

The rules and structure of policy

Democratic Regime

Gives the public rights, liberties, and political governance

Non-Democratic Regime

Limits public participation and favors institutions/powerful people

Government

Leadership that runs the state

Country

Political system of state, regime and government working on each other for it's citizens

10,000 y. ago, Animal Domestication and Specialization

When did the first political systems develop and under what kind of work?

Consensus

Leading together to develop (Democratic)

Coercion

Leading by a leader to develop (Authoritarian)

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who believed that humans voluntarily submitted to political power to overcome injustice and anarchy over time

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who believed that human instinctively had compassion, but development of state were due to inequalities

Primordial Individualism

Humans lived very moderate and in permanent settlements which developed states from land ownerships and fights over resources

B

What modern actions and examples modeled the current vision of the state?
A) Violence and bloodshed of Asian infiltration on the New World
B) European conquest and pillaging villages
C) Enforcing geographical boundaries around the Southeast Asia
D) Developing sources of labor, such as slavery in Sub-Saharan Africa

C

Which examples of the three main factors contributed to the development of modern states?
A) Social facilitation, Labor enhancements, Economic stability
B) Culture, Shift in economic systems, Weather
C) Taxation, Language, and Trade
D) Educational advancements, Mental stability, Good Leadership

Legitimacy

The value of someone/something recognized and accepted by the public eye

Traditional Legitimacy

Value accepted due to being built over a long period of time, settled in stone

B

Which of the following is an example of traditional legitimacy?
A) A judiciary with no bias toward a particular political party
B) A monarchy that has sustained throughout centuries in a diverse country
C) A branch of Christianity that preaches daily to its followers
D) A unifying institution that aims to protect the environment
E) A candidate's promise to serve their country

Charismatic Legitimacy

Value accepted that emphasizes the ideas of a particular person or group

E

Which of the following would be an example of charismatic legitimacy?
A) A political party who emphasizes the need to brush your teeth often to represent your country better
B) A dictator who follows the ways of his ancestors who ruled before him
C) A restaurant manager sharing new menu item ideas with the town community
D) A political candidate who promotes the newest restaurant opened by a family member
E) A powerful priest on the national radio within a theocracy presenting their plans

Rational-Legal Legitimacy

Value is accepted because of the systems of law and procedure that one thinks are rational

D

Which of the following would be an example of rational-legal legitimacy
A) A cabinet member is given a powerful position based on the support given to the elected official
B) A fast food chain establishes themselves in a governmental building and gain traction from workers
C) A constitution is replaced by old traditional values by the ancestors and royal family
D) A supranational organization is formed under a treaty listing the legal means and framework
E) A military dominance forces the powers of the government to collapse

Federalism

System of policymaking which are given to regional bodies, then devolve toward local legislatures

C

What is an advantage of federalism?
A) Strengthening of unitary power
B) Requires an amendment for world governments
C) Limits the central power of the government
D) Promotes the need for two executives

Asymmetrical Federalism

System where power and workload is unevenly distributed toward regional bodies

C

Which below are examples of asymmetrical federalism in action?
A) A central government holds some power then divides the rest toward the subunits
B) A central government holds no power then divides it toward the subunits
C) A central government holds most of the power then gives some toward the capital city and only a little toward
D) A central government holds all the power and leaves the subsidies with none

Unitary States

States with centralized power at the national level

Devolution

Transfer of power and responsibilities from the central government toward subsidies and sub-regions

A

What is the primary factor that differentiates devolution and federalism?
A) Federalism involves sharing of power, but devolution transfers power down completely and can be reversed
B) Devolution can lead to failed states while federalism can lead to unitary states
C) Permeable borders weaken both federalism and devolution
D) Sovereignty is threated when devolution is intruded

C

Characteristics that define the difference between weak states and strong states include:
A) Weak states can manage even with a failing economy
B) Weak states can run without autonomy while strong states need it
C) Strong states can be defensive and hold a good economy
D) Strong states always have autonomy

Failed States

States that are fragile and have a weakened structure

Capacity

Ability of the state to wield power over basic tasks needed

A

What statement is true?
A) Capacity can exist without autonomy
B) Failed states can thrive under traditional legitimacy
C) Traditional legitimacy cannot coexist with rational-legal legitimacy
D) Sovereignty can coexist well with the absence of government