(Bonding) Module 2 - Foundations in Chemistry 1/2

Chapter 5 - Electrons and Bonding Chapter 6 - Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces

Ionic Bond

The strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Metallic Bond

The strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons

Covalent Bond

The strong intermolecular attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nucleus of the bonded atoms

Dative Covalent Bond

A covalent bond which has formed when a species/atom with a lone pair of electrons donates those electrons to a species/atom with an empty orbital

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract the electron pair in a covalent bond

Linear (bp, lp, bond angle)

2 bp 0 lp 180 degrees

Non-Linear (bp, lp, bond angle)

2 bp 2 lp 104.5 degrees

Trigonal Planar (bp, lp, bond angle)

3 bp 0 lp 120 degrees

Pyramidal (bp, lp, bond angle)

3 bp 1 lp 107 degrees

Tetrahedral (bp, lp, bond angle)

4 bp 0 lp 109.5 degrees

Octahedral (bp, lp, bond angle)

6 bp 0 lp 90 degrees

Ionic Bonding

Structure:

Types of Particles:

Melting/Boiling point:

State at RT:

Conductivity:

Solubility:

Attraction between particles:

Giant lattice, ions, high, solids, yes if molten, yes, electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Giant Covalent Bonding

Structure:

Types of Particles:

Melting/Boiling point:

State at RT:

Conductivity:

Solubility:

Attraction between particles:

Giant lattice, atoms, high, solids, diamond no graphite yes fullerene semi, no, covalent bond

Simple Covalent Bonding

Structure:

Types of Particles:

Melting/Boiling point:

State at RT:

Conductivity:

Solubility:

Attraction between particles:

Molecular, molecules, low, gases, no, like dissolves like, intermolecular forces

Metallic Bonding

Structure:

Types of Particles:

Melting/Boiling point:

State at RT:

Conductivity:

Solubility:

Attraction between particles:

Giant lattice, cations and delocalised e-, high, solids, yes, no, strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised e-

Where do London forces usually occur & what type of bonding are they?

symmetrical molecules and intermolecular forces of attraction

Where are permanent dipole-dipole forces found?

Between bonds where atoms have a large electronegativity difference

When can hydrogen bonds form?

Only when a FON atom is covalently bonded to a H atom