Human Health & Disease Final Exam

What principle hormone is responsible for sex drive in both males & females?

Testosterone

Testosterone is produced by what in males?

Adrenal gland and testes

Testosterone is produced by what in females?

Adrenal gland only

Testosterone does what for men and female?

It stimulates increased release of dopamine and seratonin in the brain and they peak at orgasam then decline

What happens to males after an orgasam?

Males enter a refractory period making their penis soft and not be able to have another orgasam again.

What happens after a female orgasam?

They do not enter a refractory period and can orgasam again.

What is menopause?

When menstrual periods permanently stop

What is menarche?

A girls first period

What are condoms?

A barrier from STI’s and pregnancy, there are male and female ones

What are IUD’s?

Hormonal T-shaped device that is placed into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. This is the best option.

What is a diaphram?

Dome shaped cup placed in the vagina before intercourse to prevent pregnancy.

What is a cervical cap?

Small cup like device that covers only the cervix before intercourse to prevent pregancy.

What is fertility awareness based mathods?

Keeping track of your period and ovulation days to see when its safe to have intercourse or if you should use condoms or not.

What is withdrawl?

Penis removed before ejaculation

What are oral contraceptives?

The pill. No STI protection

What are hormonal implants?

Small rode in arm that release progestin to prevent pregnancy.

What is sterilization for a male?

Vasectomy which seals each vas defrens

What is sterilization for a female?

Tubal ligaton which is getting your tubes tied

What is the order of the infection chain?

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Infectious agent is?

The pathogen (such as a virus, bacteria, etc) that causes the disease

What is reservoir?

The place where the pathogen lives and multiplies. (Such as a person, animal, or enviorment)

What is portal of exit?

The way the pathogen leaves the reservoir (like coughing, sneezing)

What is mode of transmission?

How the pathogen travels from the reservoir to a new host. (Such as direct contact, airborne particles)

What is portal of entry?

The way the pathogen enters the new host which can be through the mouth, nose, eyes, etc)

What is a susceptible host?

The person is vulnerable to infection. Factors like age, health, and immune system)

What is a vector? and what part of the chain is it part of?

A vector is an organism that carries and spreads an infectious agent to humans, usually without getting sick itself. This is part of mode of transmission

What are helper T-cells?

They coordinate and monitor the immune response.

What are the ABCDs of STI prevention?

Abstain

Be faithful

Condoms

Detection of STI’s

How do you properly wash your hands?

20 seconds with soap & water, scrub nails, between fingers, rinse, dry

What is a Myocardial infraction? What causes it?

A Heart attack. Its caused by a lack of blood to a heart muscle.

During a heart attack there area of muscle supplied by the blocked coronary artery is derived of oxygen. If blood flow is not restored quickly, that part of the heart muscle will die.

What is an arrhythmia & what causes it?

Heart is not in rhythm. The sinus node sends signals for the heart to beat 60 to 100 beats per minute. If the signal is distrupted it can cause the heart to not be in rhythm.

What is a stroke and what causes it?

Blood flow to the brain or part of the brain is blocked.

What is atherosclerosis?

Buildup of fats and other substances in artieral walls that restrict blood flow.

FAST stands for what?

Face droop
Arm
Slurred speech
Time

What is an EKG?

Recording of the hearts electrical activity

What is an angioplasty?

Balloon stent to keep the artery open

How does a coronary catheterization work?

Goes through the groin to the heart

What is a coronary artery bypass grafting?

Procedure where a healthy blood vessel is taken from another part of the body and grafted to the coronary artery to allow blood flow.

What causes blood pressure/hypertension?

Blood pushes too hard against artery walls

What is Gestational?

Diabetes during pregnancy.

What is the difference between Type 1 diabetes and Type 2?

Type 1: Body CAN’T make insulin

Type 2: Body RESISTS insulin, often linked to lifestyle

What is Radon?

Odorless, colorless, radioactive gas that comes from soil and rock and can cause cancer

What are the treatments of cancer?

• Surgery

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation

• Biological therapies

• Gene therapy and genetic testing

• Clinical trials

• Complementary and integrative medicine

What causes lung cancer

smoking