The Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent

Third session timeframe and Pope?

1562-63, Pius IV

What would have caused the first session to end anyway?

Charle V's desire to topple the Protestants himself by forced (Battle of Muhlberg 1547)

Second session timeframe and Pope?

May 1551-1552, Julius III

How many people later would turn up to the meetings?

237

How many Italians were in the council by the end of it?

135/235

Why did the second session end?

Overtaken by war

When was the Peace of Augsburg?

1555

First session timeframe and Pope?

1545-1547 , Paul III

How many people turned up for the first meeting?

31

What was significant about the decision-making at Trent?

Only fathers made the final decisions

Why was the first session postponed?

Plague outbreak in 1547

What did Paul IV do to hinder the continuation of the Council of Trent?

He wanted to reform by himself (e.g. Index of Prohibited Books issued in 1559)

How did the decrees concern the discipline of bishops?(3)

1- Preaching is their main duty
2- pluralism and absenteeism condemned
3- power was increased tho (Unsure how)

How did the decrees concern the discipline of parish priests?

1- preaching is their main duty
2- indulgence selling and wandering priests banned
3- have to be over 23 and speak English and Latin

Session 1: Decrees of 1546(2)

-Vulgate edition of Bible is right
-only people within the church can interpret the Bible

Session 1: Decrees of 1547(2)

- rejection of faith alone
-condemn absenteeism/pluralism

Session 2: Decrees of 1552

-reaffirm transubstantiation
- emphasise importance of confession

Session 3: Decrees of 1563(2)

- have to be 14 before entering church for training
- "animate the people"

When was the Council of Pisa?

1511

What two main things did the Council of Pisa (1511) do?

1 - re-establish targets of devotion and sobriety
2- emphasise importance of Personal Holiness

Why was the Council of Pisa (1511) significant?(2)

- it's moral style and decrees mirrored that of Trent's
- it showed how there was reform before Lutheranism appeared in 1517

When was the Vth Lateran Council?

1512 -July 1517

What three things did the Vth Lateran Council (1512-1517) do?

- emphasised the training of clergy
- enforced some visitations
- emphasise the importance of confessions

Why was the Vth Lateran council significant?(2)

- prefigured Trent's demands for a less 'superstitious Catholicism' and emphasis on confession
- showed reform was carried out before the rise of Lutheranism in 1517

What are 'Congregations'?

Specialist committees that worked on specific tasks or in specific areas

How many congregations did Sixtus V create?

15 in 1588

When did Pius V issue the Breviary and what was it?

1568, the order of service to be recited by a priest for each day

When did Pius V issue the Missal and what was it?

1570, procedures that should be followed during the mass

What is the Curia?

The ADMINISTRATIVE BODY that assists the pope in conducting the business of the Church as a whole

How many excess officials did Pius IV dismissed from the Curia?

400

After Pius V further dismissed members from the Curia, what did he say that contradicted Julius II?

- better to starve yourselves than lose your souls'
-Julius II (1510)= 'armour not robes'w

What is a catechism?

A simple instruction manual for everyone to easily understand basic teachings of God

When did Phillip II and Spain agree to the Tridentine Decrees and why was this easy?

Agreed in 1564, their Reconquista tradition made them easy to adopt

How did the Decrees affect the Dutch?

Caused a revolt

How many Jesuits and Capuchins helped Spanish Catholics reclaim Southern Netherlands and when?

3,000 in 1590

When was a peace settlement signed in Netherlands?

1648

Why was Ferdinand I reluctant to accept the Decrees even before they were issued?

He feared strife with Protestants would happens as a result

When was Ferdinand I urged by Jesuits to accept the Council of Trent?

1551

When did Germany accept the Tridentine Decrees?

Immediately after their issue

When did Ferdinand II become HRE?

1619

When did Poland accept the Tridentine Decrees?

1564

What two kings enabled reform to take place in Poland?

Bathrony (1576-86) and Sigismund III (1587-1632)

When did Cardinal Hosus receive help by Jesuits to give Poland a catholic identity?

1579

When did Henry IV of France issue the Edict of Nantes?

1598

When did France finally accept the Tridentine Decrees?

1615