Cell Diversity

What is a tissue?

Group of similar cells that carry out the same functions

Name 2 plant tissues

Dermal Tissue

Vascular Tissue

Dermal Tissue (protection)

Covering leaves, stems and roots

Protects the plants

Thickened cell wall

Vascular Tissues

Xylem

Phloem

Xylem

Transports water and minerals

Narrow, has pits, reinforced by lignin

Name 3 animal tissues

Connective tissue

Muscular tissue

Nervous tissue

Nervous Tissue

Composed of nerve cells called neurons

Carry electrical impulses to and from brain and spinal cord

Myelin sheath helps insulate movement of electrical impulses

Muscle Tissue

Allows movement by contracting and relaxing

Cells have larger amounts of mitochondria to provide necessary energy required

What is tissue culture?

Growth of cells in a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism

Factors that allow successful tissue culture

Suitable temperature / pH

Oxygen

Sterile environment

What is in vitro growth?

Growth of cells outside of body in artificial environment

In vivo growth

Growth of cells in body

What are 2 applications of tissue culture?

Plant breeding (micropropagation)

Skin grafts

Facts on micropropagation

Growth of large number of plants from plant tissue or cells

A small number of cells are grown in a culture and form a callus. These cells divide by mitosis

Benefits of micropropagation

Large number of cells produced in short amount of time

Plants are genetically identical

Cheaper method to produce large number of plants

What are skin grafts used for?

Grow new skin for bad skin burns

Benefits of skin grafts

New skin will not be rejected by persons body as it is identical to patients skin

As skin can be grown there is no need to remove from another persons body

What is an organ?

Number of tissues working together to carry out one or more function

Name 2 plant organs

Root

Leaves

Name an animal organ

Heart

What is an organ system?

Two or more organs working together to carry out one or more functions