Cell keywords

Differentiation

A stem cell turning into a specialised cell

Stem cell

A type of stem cell which can turn into any other specialised cells

Adult stem cells

Can only produce certain types of cells- found in bone marrow

Embryonic stem cells

Can produce all types of cells- controversial

Meristems

Where plant stem cells are found

Root hair cells

Absorb water by osmosis and minerals by active transport

• Long hairs

• Big surface area for absorption

• Mitochondria to provide energy for active transport

Phloem cells

Transport products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant

• Long tube joined end to end

• Made up of columns of living cells

• Sieve plates allow the movement of substances from cell to cell

Xylem cells

Transport water

• Long tubes joined end to end

• Hollow so water can flow

• Lignin to strengthen

Sperm cells

Take male DNA to the egg

• Tail to help it swim

• Lots of mitochondria for energy

Nerve cells

Carry electrical signals around the body

• Long axon to cover long distances

• Dendrite branches to connect to other cells

Muscle cells

Muscle cells contract

• Long so have space to contract

• Lots of mitochondria for energy