Massage Theory V - Key Topics

These flashcards summarize key concepts in Massage Theory V, focusing on GI conditions, IBD, and other related health issues.

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

IBS is a chronic functional lower GI disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel movements.

What are the alternative names for IBS?

Spastic colon, irritable colon, nervous bowel, or visceral hypersensitivity.

How is IBS diagnosed?

IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms rather than lab tests.

What are common symptoms of IBS?

Abdominal pain or cramping, bloating, gas, changes in bowel habits (IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M), mucus in stool, sensation of incomplete emptying.

What causes IBS?

There is no single cause; contributing factors include altered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, gut-brain axis dysfunction, post-infectious changes, food sensitivities, changes in gut microbiota.

Is IBS inflammatory or infectious?

No, IBS is not inflammatory or infectious, and it does not cause tissue damage.

What are common triggers for IBS symptoms?

Stress and anxiety, certain foods (high-FODMAP, caffeine, alcohol, fatty foods), hormonal changes, poor sleep.

What criteria is used to diagnose IBS?

Rome IV criteria: recurrent abdominal pain ≥1 day/week for 3 months, associated with defecation or change in stool frequency/form.

What management strategies exist for IBS?

Dietary strategies (low-FODMAP diet), food/symptom tracking, stress management, medications (antispasmodics, laxatives, antidiarrheals), physical activity.

What are red flag symptoms for IBS that are atypical?

Unexplained weight loss, blood in stool, nighttime symptoms, iron-deficiency anemia, family history of colorectal cancer or IBD.

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

IBD is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

What are the primary symptoms of IBD?

Abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, blood in stool, weight loss, fatigue.

How is IBD diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made through labs, imaging, endoscopy, and biopsy.

What is Crohn’s disease?

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract.

What are the key characteristics of Crohn’s disease?

Autoimmune, inflammation in patches, affects the entire bowel wall thickness, commonly involves the terminal ileum and colon.

What are common signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain (often RLQ), weight loss, blood/mucus in stool, fatigue, fever, anemia.

What is the treatment for Crohn’s disease?

No cure; treatment includes aminosalicylates, corticosteroids for flares, immunomodulators, biologic agents, and surgery for complications.

What is ulcerative colitis?

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing continuous inflammation of the colon and rectum, limited to the inner lining.

What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Bloody diarrhea, urgency and tenesmus, abdominal cramping, fatigue, weight loss.

What are possible complications of ulcerative colitis?

Severe bleeding, toxic megacolon, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, increased risk of colorectal cancer.

What is constipation?

A bowel condition characterized by infrequent, difficult, or incomplete bowel movements.

What defines clinical constipation?

Fewer than 3 bowel movements per week, hard/dry stools, straining during defecation, sensation of incomplete emptying.

Common causes of constipation include:

Low fiber intake, inadequate fluid intake, physical inactivity, certain medications, functional disorders.

What is the management strategy for constipation?

Increase fiber, adequate hydration, regular physical activity, osmotic laxatives if needed.

What are the red flags associated with constipation?

Unexplained weight loss, blood in stool, new-onset constipation in older adults, severe abdominal pain or vomiting.

What observations should be made when assessing constipation?

Visual observation, palpation, and Rebound Test to assess bloating, postural imbalances.

What are the goals of massage for IBS?

Relaxation, stress reduction, reducing constipation symptoms.

What is the proper technique for massage therapy in cases of IBS?

Gentle, soothing abdominal massage is indicated when not in a flare.

What is the primary focus of treatment in IBD?

Stress reduction and relaxation.

What are the contraindications for massage during IBD flare-ups?

Massage is contraindicated in the presence of flare-ups.

What is the etiology of varicose veins?

Weakened or incompetent venous valves causing blood to pool.

What is the CEAP classification?

A clinical classification system used to describe the severity of chronic venous disease.

What treatment options exist for varicose veins?

Compression stockings, leg elevation, regular exercise, minimally invasive treatments like sclerotherapy, and surgical options.

What are symptoms of DVT?

Swelling, pain or tenderness, warmth and redness in the affected leg.

What is Virchow's Triad?

Three conditions leading to blood clot formation: hypercoagulability, stasis, and vessel injury.

How is asthma defined?

A chronic inflammatory disorder with reversible bronchospasm.

What are common triggers for asthma?

Pollution, smoking, allergens, emotional stress.

What are common symptoms of heart failure?

Shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling due to fluid accumulation.

What is the role of massage in managing hypertension?

Focus should be on relaxation, communication about signs, and avoiding techniques that elevate blood pressure.

What are key considerations for massage therapy in diabetes?

Potential hypoglycemia, safe positioning, and monitoring tissue health.

What is the primary aim of respiratory therapy for COPD?

Relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

What is the primary treatment focus for congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Dietary modifications, physical activity, and pharmaceuticals to improve heart function.

What is the impact of chronic conditions like hypertension on massage therapy?

Requires monitoring of signs and symptoms, modifications in technique, and careful communication with the client.