Evie De Steffen - Chapter 8: Endocrinology

Pituitary gland

produces thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin (master gland)

Thyroid gland

produces thyroxine and calcitonin

Parathyroid gland

produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Adrenal glands

produces epinephrine (adrenalin), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Pancreas

produces insulin and glucagon

Testes

produces testosterone

Ovaries

produces estrogen and progesterone

Thyroxin

increases metabolic reactions associated with energy production, growth, and development

Calcitonin

lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

Synthroid

medication for hypothyroidism or cretinism

Hypothyroidism

deficiency of thyroxine

Cretinism

deficiency of thyroxine (causes short stature and developmental delays); is a part of newborn screening

Hyperthyroidism

excess amounts of thyroxine

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphorus levels

Hypocalcemia

deficiency of parathyroid hormone; aka osteoporosis

Adrenal medulla

interior portion of adrenal gland; produces epinephrine (adrenalin)

Adrenal cortex

exterior part of the adrenal gland; produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

neurotransmitter; increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles during exercise

Aldosterone

causes kidneys to retain salt and water (and excrete potassium) into the urine; steroid hormone

Cortisol

raises blood sugar level; ster

Addison’s Disease

deficiency of cortisol

Cushing’s Disease

excess amounts of cortisol

Insulin

lowers blood sugar level (glycogenesis); aka beta cells

Glucagon

raises blood sugar level (glycogenolysis); aka alpha cells

Diabetes Mellitus

deficiency of insulin

Glycogenesis

process of turning glucose into glycogen

Glycogenolysis

process of turning glycogen into glucose

Testosterone

masculinizing hormone

Estrogen

feminizing hormone

Progesterone

increases vascularization (grow blood vessels) of uterus (womb)

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

maintains vascularization of uterus (womb) during pregnancy

Placenta

produces human chorionic gonadotropin (only present during pregnancy)

Gestation

pregnancy

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

neurohypophysis (posterior) and adenohypophysis (anterior)

What two hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

causes kidneys to retain water and excrete small volumes of urine

Oxytocin

stimulates labor contractions and milk let-down during nursing

Pitocin

synthetic (medicine) form of oxytocin

What are the five hormones made by the anterior pituitary gland?

thyrotropin (TSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropins, growth hormone, and prolactin

Thyrotropin

stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

Adrenocorticotropin

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates gonads to secrete gametes and sex hormones; gonadotropins

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

stimulates gonads to secrete gametes and sex hormones (gonadotropins)

Growth hormone

stimulates growth in the body (especially skeletal system)

Prolactin

stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

gonad

sex (reproductive) organs

tropic

affect

adeno

gland