Unit 6 World War 1 Test Study Guide

What did the Roosevelt Corollary declare

The United States would act as an international police power in Latin America (US could intervene)

What was the immediate spark that triggered World War I

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What happened as a result of Pershing's expedition into Mexico

It failed to capture Villa and increased Mexican distrust of U.S.motives.

WAR OF ATTRITION

A MILITARY STRATEGY AIMED AT WINNING A WARBY WEARING DOWN THE ENEMY'S STRENGTH AND RESOURCES

Why did Italy join the Allies

It was promised land taken from Austria-Hungary

Who killed ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND

THE ASSASSIN WAS GAVRILO PRINCIP, A MEMBER OF THE BLACK HAND, A SERBIAN NATIONALIST GROUP.

Where was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Balkans

Which body of water was most important for German submarine attacks

The English Channel

Which neutral country Germany invaded to reach France

Belgium

How did the United States mobilize the homefront (2 ways)

First, the U.S. government mobilized the economy by creating the War Industries Board, which controlled factories, set production goals, and made sure businesses focused on producing weapons, supplies, and equipment for the war.

Second, the government shaped public opinion through the Committee on Public Information, which used posters, speeches, films, and newspapers to encourage patriotism, support the war, and convince Americans to buy war bonds and conserve resources.

What were Wilson's Fourteen points do?

as a blueprint for a just and lasting peace, which included freedom ofthe seas, free trade, and self-determination for nations.

Why did Wilson's Fourteen Points fail

The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany instead of creating a fair peace which caused anger and instability that later led to World War II

Trench Warfare definition

A type of fighting where soldiers dug long ditches called trenches and fought from them to protect themselves from enemy fire

Trench Warfare example

Soldiers on the Western Front lived and fought in muddy trenches for years

No Man's Land definition

The dangerous area between opposing trenches where no soldiers were safe

No Man's Land example

Soldiers had to cross No Man's Land during attacks, often being shot by machine guns

Stalemate definition

A situation where neither side can win or move forward

Stalemate example

Trench warfare created a stalemate on the Western Front

What FORCED GERMANY TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR?

War guilt clause article 231

The Big Bertha

93,900lbs

5.7 miles max range

The Paris Gun

282tons

81 Miles

111.5 ft long

Armistice definition

An agreement to stop fighting

Armistice example

World War I ended when the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918

Reparations definition

Money a defeated country is forced to pay for damages caused during the war

Reparations example

Germany had to pay huge reparations after the Treaty of Versailles

Isolationism definition

A policy of avoiding involvement in other countries' conflicts

Isolationism example

The United States followed isolationism before World War I

Neutrality definition

Not taking sides in a war

Neutrality example

The United States remained neutral from 1914 to 1917

Propaganda definition

Information used to influence people's opinions and emotions

Propaganda example

Posters encouraged Americans to support the war and buy Liberty Bonds

Mobilization definition

The process of preparing a country for war

Mobilization example

Factories soldiers and resources were mobilized for the war effort

Treaty of Versailles definition

The peace treaty that officially ended World War I

Treaty of Versailles example

The treaty punished Germany and reshaped Europe

How were machine guns used

They fired hundreds of bullets per minute at attacking soldiers

Machine guns impact

They made frontal attacks deadly and caused trench warfare

How was poison gas used

It was released into enemy trenches to choke or blind soldiers

Poison gas impact

It caused fear required gas masks and broke war rules

How were tanks used

They crossed trenches and rough land

Tanks impact

They helped break the stalemate

How were airplanes used

They were used for spying dogfights and bombing

Airplanes impact

They changed how wars were fought

How were submarines used

German U boats attacked ships carrying supplies

Submarines impact

They pushed the United States into the war

Why did the US stay neutral

The US wanted to avoid foreign wars and focus on its economy and had citizens from both sides

What happened when the Lusitania was sunk

American civilians were killed and people became angry at Germany

Why did unrestricted submarine warfare matter

Germany attacked all ships including American ones

Why did economic ties push the US into war

The US had loaned money to the Allies

What did make the world safe for democracy mean

The US wanted to protect freedom and democratic governments

What was the war to end all wars

The war was supposed to create lasting peace

Economic impact of WWI

The US economy grew and factories expanded

Social impact of WWI

Women worked in factories and African Americans moved north

Political impact of WWI

The Red Scare happened and the US returned to isolationism

America's role after WWI

The US became a world power

How did Europe change

New countries formed and empires collapsed

What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany

Germany was punished and lost land and money

What was the League of Nations

A group created to keep peace

How did WWI lead to WWII

Germany became angry and unstable

How did WWI change warfare

New weapons made war more deadly

Why was there a stalemate

Trenches and machine guns stopped movement

Three reasons the US entered WWI

The Lusitania unrestricted submarine warfare the Zimmermann Telegram

How did the Treaty of Versailles lead to WWII

It made Germany angry and desperate

What was the most important impact of WWI

It changed the world and caused future conflict

Alliances

The system of pacts that divided Europe into two main camps. Ifone nation was attacked, its allies were obligated to join thefight.

Imperialism

Competition between European powers to build empires, leading to rivalries over colonies and resources.

Order of key events

WWI begins in Europe; US declares neutrality

Lusitania sunk by German U-boat

Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

Zimmermann Telegram intercepted

US declares war on Germany

Armistice signed (war ends)

Treaty of Versailles signed

Zimmermann Telegram

Intercepted message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

John J. Pershing

Commander of the American Expeditionary Force

Militarism

The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

Lusitania

British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915

Triple Entente

The alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia

What was the official position of the United States when World War I began

Neutrality and isolationism

Which new technology most contributed to trench warfare

Machine guns and heavy artillery

Why did the United States eventually enter the war

Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare

What was the Selective Service Act

Required all men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft

Why was the Selective Service Act passed

To raise a national army through a draft

How did women's roles change during the war

Women took over factory and industrial jobs

Which nation withdrew from the war after a revolution

Russia

Which country was blamed for the war

Germany

Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles

Fear that it would pull the United States into future European wars

What is the use of media to influence public opinion during war

Propaganda

Why was the Panama Canal built

To allow the U.S. Navy to move quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

How did Dr. William Gorgas help build the Panama Canal

By eliminating yellow fever through controlling mosquitoes

What was Mexico's economy like under Porfirio Díaz

The economy grew, but most wealth went to foreign investors and elites, leaving 95% of rural people landless.

What did Emiliano Zapata want

Land redistribution to peasants

Which countries made up the Central Powers

Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

What was the SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

German plan that called for a two front war with France and Russia

Why did Germany fear an alliance between France and Russia

It would force Germany to fight on both eastern and western fronts

Where did German U-boats mainly attack Allied ships

The English Channel

The volatile Balkan region, located in southeastern Europe, was commonly nicknamed the ________ because regional conflicts could easily escalate into a major war.

Powder keg of Europe

Which country between France and Russia was the main Central Power

Germany

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