genetics quiz

Lag strand

synthesized as short Okazaki fragments in the direction away from the replication fork

Lead strand

synthesized continuously toward the replication fork.

DNA Polymerase

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between nucleotides to form a strand of DNA.

DNA Ligase

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds within the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA strands.

DNA Primase

an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer for DNA replication.

RNA Primer

a short strand of RNA, made by primase, that is used to elongate a strand of DNA during DNA replication.

Helicase

an enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA.

Single strand binding proteins

proteins that bind to both of the single strands of DNA during DNA replication and prevent them from re-forming a double helix.

Okazaki Fragments

short segments of DNA that are synthesized to produce the lagging strand during DNA replication.

DNA Gyrase

an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA using energy from ATP and that can also relax positive supercoils when they occur.

Intron

noncoding intervening sequences.

Exon

a region of an RNA molecule that remains after splicing has removed the introns. is coding 

what are the stages of central dogma

replication- DNA > transcription- RNA > translation- Protein

considering the structure of double-stranded DNA which kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other

hydrogen bonds