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What is participatory democracy?
Citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and politicians are responsible for implementing those policy decisions.
What does participatory democracy encompass?
Emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society, direct democracy, broad participation in politics and civil society.
What is pluralist democracy?
No one group dominated politics and organized groups compete with each other to influence policy.
What does pluralist democracy encompass?
Recognizes group-based activism by nongovernmental interests striving for impact on political decision making, interest groups influence policy making.
What is elite democracy?
Emphasizes limited participation in politics and civil society.
What does elite democracy encompass?
Elected representatives act as trustees for the voters, emphasizes limited participation, power is concentrated with few and often wealthy.
What is hyperpluralism?
Too many interest groups weaken the government.
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
No power to tax people directly, no power to regulate commerce, no power to create and maintain an army, no President, no National Court, weak central government and strong state governments, can't declare war without 9 states approval, no national currency.
What were the powers of the Articles of Confederation?
It could coin money, direct the post office, negotiate foreign powers, settle disputes between states, borrow money.
What was the structure of the Articles of Confederation?
One house (Legislative) and states could send 2-7 delegates who got (they only got 1 vote), 9/13 states had to approve a measure for it to pass unanimous consent from the states to be put into action.
What did the Articles of Confederation do?
Expanded political participation brought a new middle class of farmers to power.
What was Shays' Rebellion?
A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Daniel Shay to block foreclosure proceedings.
Daniel Shays?
A soldier and farmer who wasn't paid for his service (like many).
What was the cause of Shays' Rebellion?
Poor farmers lost their farms in the post-war depression.
What was the effect of Shays' Rebellion?
The wealthy feared potential threat of farmers violating property rights and taking the law in their own hands.
What was the result of Shays' Rebellion?
A more effective government was needed to protect from rebellion.
What weaknesses of the Articles were exposed by Shays' Rebellion?
The lack of a centralized military power led to a slow response to put down the rebellion, it became clear that the federal government's inability to impose taxes; regulate commerce; and raise an army hindered its ability to defend the nation or pay its debts, it caused more people to support a new Constitution and stronger central government.
What was the Virginia Plan?
Favored by large states, representation based on the population of each state, 3 branches of government, bicameral legislature, supreme national government, separation of powers.
Who proposed the Virginia Plan?
William Patterson.
What was the New Jersey Plan?
Favored by small states, equal representation in the legislature for every state, limited and expressed powers of the national legislature, sovereignty of states.
Who proposed the New Jersey Plan?
Edmund Randolph.
What was the Connecticut Compromise?
The settlement of the 2 Plans, bicameral legislature, House has representation based on population, Senate has equal representation of all states (2/state).
Who proposed the Connecticut Compromise?
Roger Sherman and William Johnson.
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
When counting the population for representation in the House, only 3 of every 5 slaves would be counted.
Who benefited from the 3/5 Compromise?
Both the North and South.
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