Chapter 15: Mental Disorders

Human Diseases and Conditions a Systemic Approach 8th edition

Early warning signs of mental disorders

Withdrawal from friends & family, dramatic changes in eating & sleeping habits, deterioration in personal hygiene, confusion, prolonged sadness, inability to concentrate, drop in school/work performance, demotivation, irritability/ moodiness, anxiety, unusual ideas/ beliefs, distrustfulness/ suspiciousness

Psychosis

Loss of contact with reality usually including delusions and hallucinations

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Constant sense of hopelessness & despair preventing them from functioning normally.

Personality disorders

Deeply ingrained pattern of relating perceiving, and thinking, that is serious enough to cause distress or impaired function

Antisocial personality disorder (Sociopaths)

Repeatedly perform acts that are the grounds for arrest with no regard for the safety of themselves or others. Lack empathy & remorse, irresponsible & deceitful.

Avoidant personality disorder

Hypersensitive to criticism or rejection. Extremely shy & timid. Avoid social activities.

Borderline personality disorder

Unstable interpersonal relationships, impulsive, unstable self-image, mood swings.

Paranoid personality disorder

Very distrustful & suspicious of others. Believe everyone is out to get them.

Schizoid personality disorder

Loners who prefer solitary activities, indifferent to social relationships.

Schizotypal personality disorder

Difficulty forming and maintaining close relationships. Usually eccentric and have cognitive or perceptual distortions.

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Preoccupation with orderliness & rules. Never satisfied with accomplishments and incapable of adapting to change.

Dependent personality disorder

Pervasive excessive need to be taken care of. Passive, clingy, and needy. Cannot make their own decisions by themselves.

Histrionic personality disorder

Attention seekers, often thought of as being shallow, may engage in seductive or provocative behavior.

Narcissistic personality disorder

Believe they are special and unique, exaggerate their achievements and talents. Arrogant & lack empathy.

Anorexia nervosa

Perceive themselves as overweight even when underweight, obsessed with food control, intense fear of weight gain.

Bulimia nervosa

Cycles of extreme overeating & purging in secret.

Binge eating disorder

Regular episodes of extreme overeating, usually obese, feel guilt & shame.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Persistent pattern of difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Panic Disorder

Recurrent, severe panic attacks that strike suddenly & repeatedly

Obsessive compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Plagued by constant thoughts or fears causing them to perform certain rituals or routines.

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Develops after terrifying or traumatic event causing flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrolled thoughts about event

Social anxiety disorder

Excessive unreasonable fear of social situations. Fear of being perceived by others.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Long lasting unfocused anxiety

Agoraphobia

Intense fear and anxiety about any place/situation where escape would be difficult leading to avoidance of situations involving crowds.

Bipolar disorder

Unusual shifts between mania and depression.

Schizophrenia

Distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotion, perceives reality, and relates to others. Induces hallucinations, delusions, disordered speech, lack of motivation & expression.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Range of complex developmental disorders causing problems with thinking, feeling, language, and ability to relate to others.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Significant limitation in intellectual functioning & adaptive behaviors.