Studied by 5 people
Electrons
Negatively charged subatomic particles
Protons
Positively charged subatomic particles
Neutrons
Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
Atom
Smallest particles of matter; cannot be further chemically broken down
Element
Contains only ONE kind of atom
Groups/Families
Describes the columns of elements in the period table with similar properties
Period
Describes the rows of the periodic table; indicates the number of electron shells
Metals
These elements are found in the left side and middle of the periodic table
Non-metals
These elements are found in the right side of the periodic table
Noble gases
Group 8 or 18 on the periodic table
Proton number
This number identifies the atom in a periodic table
Atomic Mass number
The total number of neutrons and protons
Alkali metals
The first family of the periodic table
Alkali earth metals
Group II in the periodic table
Compound
Substance made up of atoms of different elements BONDED together
Mixture
Contains difference substances that are NOT bonded together
Molecule
A groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Valence
The number electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Valency
The number of electrons that each atom needs to gain, lose or share to fill its outer shell
Neutral atom
when the number of protons = number of electrons
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Ionic compound
A compound that consists of positive (metals) and negative ions (non-metals)
Ionic bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Bohr Diagram
a diagram that shows the arrangement of an element's subatomic particles and the number of electrons in each shell surrounding the nucleus of an atom
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Covalent compound
a chemical compound formed by the sharing of electrons between two non-metals
Metallic bonding
the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons
Giant molecular structure
substance where large numbers of atoms are joined by covalent bonds forming a strong lattice structure
Diatomic molecule
a molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element (i.e H2)
Allotropes
two or more different molecular forms of the same element (i.e. diamond and graphite)
Giant covalent/molecular structure
A structure with many atoms joined to each other by lots of strong, covalent bonds giving a high melting point and poor electrical conductivity.
Solid covalent/molecular compounds
Atoms are arranged in lattices with weak forces between them; they tend to have low melting points and do not conduct electricity
Solid ionic compounds
Cations and anions arranged in a lattice held together by strong forces; they have high melting points and conduct electricity
Neutralisation reaction
The reaction of an acid and a base forming a salt and water
Single-displacment reaction
chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound
Combustion reaction
a chemical reaction that occurs when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
Double-displacement reaction
a reaction between two ionic compounds to produce two new compounds (due to the exchange of metallic ions)
Synthesis reaction
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new larger compound
Decomposition
A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a specific chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (without being used up in the reaction)
activation energy (Ea)
Energy needed to start a reaction
Note 
Flashcard (70)