KNR 313 Exam 3

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66 Terms

1

Validity

Does the device measure what it reports to measure

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2

Reliability

Consistency, Arrow Example: All arrows must land close to each other every time

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3

Sensitivity

Precision; Sensitivity to change

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4

Reactivity

Device reacts to movements that are not what you want to measure Ex: Shaking a pedometer

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5

Feasibility

Cost & Comfort of device

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6

Self-Reporting

Recall, Diaries, Logs, Questionnaire

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7

Issue with Self-Reporting?

Subjective assessment tools are at the mercy of those providing the information

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8

Pedometer

Provide information on ambulatory PA Moderate validity in measuring PA (0.3-0.5)

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9

Accelerometer

Detection of acceleration, amount of movement is summed over time

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10

Accelerometer Measurement Issues

High validity, high reliability, not as feasible ($200-500)

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11

Indirect Calorimetry (Gold Standard #1)

Lab-based or portable units, Can be restrictive - either in a room for 24 hours, or the portable units are not applicable for long-term energy expenditure.

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12

Doubly Labeled Water (Gold Standard #2)

Drink a known amount of two stable isotopes Collect urine on "drink day" and "end day" to determine quality of isotopes in metabolism (CO2 Production) Precise kcal estimates Lacks estimates of mins of PA or other qualitative info High cost ($800)

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13

Energy Balance Equation

Positive = Gain adipose tissue Negative = Lose adipose tissue Caloric Balance = No change

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14

Which method has high feasibility but low validity

Questionnaire

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15

Which method has high validity but low feasibility

Doubly Labeled Water

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16

Most feasible (Least Valid) to Least Feasible (Most Valid)

Questionnaire, diary, pedometer, HR monitor, Accelerometer, Direct observation, calorimetry, Doubly labeled water

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17

Where do most American's Fall?

Sedentary (<5,000 steps)

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18

Muscular Endurace

Lower loads, higher reps, 12-25 reps

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19

Muscular Strength

Higher loads (85-100% 1RM), 1-6 reps

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20

Muscle Hypertrophy

Perform muscular strength to make muscles look large, perform muscular endurance to decrease fat and make muscles more defined

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21

Muscle Power

How fast you are strong, 60-70% 1RM

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22

Generalized Loading

Loading on the entire skeletal system: Jumping Best for young individuals

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23

Localized Loading

Loading to specific bones - Weight training

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24

Type of muscle fitness training required to maintain and build bone and muscle mass

Strength Training

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25

Only form of energy that can power biologic work

ATP 36-39 ATP from glucose aerobically 463 ATP from aerobic fat

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26

Resistance Training and Metabolism

Weight training has virtually no effect on resting metabolism in the short term (less than a year or two)

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27

Why is it important to do resistance training when trying to lose adipose tissue?

If you don't perform strength training while losing adipose tissue you will also lose muscle mass. Strength training while losing adipose tissue will allow you to maintain muscle mass

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28

Correlation coefficients

Tell you about relationship among variables --> does not tell you cause & effect Range is +1 to -1 Closer it gets to 0 the poorer the relationship

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29

Direct linear relationship

When Correlation Coefficient is close to +1 One goes up and the other goes up

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30

Negative Linear Relationship

Close to -1 One goes up other goes down

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31

What is metabolic fitness best exhibited by

BMR?

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32

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

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33

Different components of TEE

60-70% RMR 20-30% Activity (Incidental PA) 10% Thermic Effect Of Food

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34

Sense Wear Armband & Doubly Labeled Water Comparison

30 people wore two armband monitors for two weeks and compared it with doubly labeled water method - No significant differences in TEE

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35

Nutrients most important for building muscle mass

Protein & Complex Carbs

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36

Four things necessary to build muscle mass

Hormonal, Genetics, Nutrition, Resistance Training

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37

Metabolic Syndrome

Abdominal obesity - waist circumference of 102 cm for men, 88 cm for women Serum triglycerides - 150 mg/dl or above HDL Cholesterol - 40 mg/dl or lower in men, 50 mg/dl or lower in women BP - 130/85 or higher Fasting Blood Glucose - 100 mg/dl or above

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38

How many of the five factors do you need to meet to have metabolic syndrome?

3 or more

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39

What fuel source powers the energy for strength training

PCr Pathway

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40

Thermic Effect of Food Meaning

Increased metabolic rate after consuming food

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41

Which of the 5 symptoms of metabolic syndrome is visually apparent

Abdominal Obesity

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42

% of people over the age of 60 in the US who have metabolic syndrome?

40%

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43

BMR

Energy Expenditure necessary to keep cells alive Measured when you are asleep but alive

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44

RMR

Includes BMR & Metabolism when Sedentary Awake but not moving

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45

Impact of strength training on metabolism in the long term

Weight lifting has little to no effect on metabolism in less than 1-2 years

2 Years of weight lifting can substantial increase in muscle mass will increase metabolic rate

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46

Wolf's Law

We deposit bone at areas of stress Can be positive (increase in bone mass) or negative (bone spurs)

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47

What type of activity is best for bone health in preadolescents

Jumping

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48

Energy in a pound of adipose tissue

3,500 kcals

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49

Two Component model of body composition

Version 1: Lean body mass & Fat mass Problem: Not all lipid within the body is included into the fat mass category. Version 2: Fat & Fat-free mass Problem: Bone mass, water volume, and muscle mass all in one category

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50

4 Compartment Model

Adipose Tissue Bone Mass Muscle Mass Water Volume

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51

How much time a US child spends in a sedentary state each day

14 hrs

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52

Sitting Disease

Behavior of sitting all day and being sedentary

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53

What makes up a majority of daily energy expenditure

Resting Metabolic Rate

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54

What hormones are most important for bone health

Testosterone & Estrogen

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55

What explains the increase in weight when starting an exercise program

Increase in glycogen & water stores, not muscle

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56

Recommended steps to achieve basic health guidelines through pedometry

10,000

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57

Group that had an unusually high # of steps per day

Old-order Amish - Well over 10,000

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58

Advantages to new pattern recognition monitors

Anything new; can help us measure multiple things at once (pedometer, accelerometer, HR all in one)

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59

What form we store carbs in in our muscles

Glycogen

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60

% of Post-menopausal osteoporosis reduction caused by jumping in early age women and girls

10%

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61

What accounts for the majority energy allocated for activity energy expenditure

Incidental physical activity

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62

How much can you expect to increase your metabolic rate per day by adding 4 lbs of muscle?

24 kcal per day (Hershey kiss)

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63

Which survey we get the data about PA in the US

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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64

Condition that leads to osteoporosis

Osteopenia

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65

Slow Muscle Fiber Type

Type I

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66

Fast Muscle Fiber Type

Type II A & B

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