Does the device measure what it reports to measure
New cards
2
Reliability
Consistency, Arrow Example: All arrows must land close to each other every time
New cards
3
Sensitivity
Precision; Sensitivity to change
New cards
4
Reactivity
Device reacts to movements that are not what you want to measure Ex: Shaking a pedometer
New cards
5
Feasibility
Cost & Comfort of device
New cards
6
Self-Reporting
Recall, Diaries, Logs, Questionnaire
New cards
7
Issue with Self-Reporting?
Subjective assessment tools are at the mercy of those providing the information
New cards
8
Pedometer
Provide information on ambulatory PA Moderate validity in measuring PA (0.3-0.5)
New cards
9
Accelerometer
Detection of acceleration, amount of movement is summed over time
New cards
10
Accelerometer Measurement Issues
High validity, high reliability, not as feasible ($200-500)
New cards
11
Indirect Calorimetry (Gold Standard #1)
Lab-based or portable units, Can be restrictive - either in a room for 24 hours, or the portable units are not applicable for long-term energy expenditure.
New cards
12
Doubly Labeled Water (Gold Standard #2)
Drink a known amount of two stable isotopes Collect urine on "drink day" and "end day" to determine quality of isotopes in metabolism (CO2 Production) Precise kcal estimates Lacks estimates of mins of PA or other qualitative info High cost ($800)
New cards
13
Energy Balance Equation
Positive = Gain adipose tissue Negative = Lose adipose tissue Caloric Balance = No change
New cards
14
Which method has high feasibility but low validity
Questionnaire
New cards
15
Which method has high validity but low feasibility
Doubly Labeled Water
New cards
16
Most feasible (Least Valid) to Least Feasible (Most Valid)
Questionnaire, diary, pedometer, HR monitor, Accelerometer, Direct observation, calorimetry, Doubly labeled water
New cards
17
Where do most American's Fall?
Sedentary (
New cards
18
Muscular Endurace
Lower loads, higher reps, 12-25 reps
New cards
19
Muscular Strength
Higher loads (85-100% 1RM), 1-6 reps
New cards
20
Muscle Hypertrophy
Perform muscular strength to make muscles look large, perform muscular endurance to decrease fat and make muscles more defined
New cards
21
Muscle Power
How fast you are strong, 60-70% 1RM
New cards
22
Generalized Loading
Loading on the entire skeletal system: Jumping Best for young individuals
New cards
23
Localized Loading
Loading to specific bones - Weight training
New cards
24
Type of muscle fitness training required to maintain and build bone and muscle mass
Strength Training
New cards
25
Only form of energy that can power biologic work
ATP 36-39 ATP from glucose aerobically 463 ATP from aerobic fat
New cards
26
Resistance Training and Metabolism
Weight training has virtually no effect on resting metabolism in the short term (less than a year or two)
New cards
27
Why is it important to do resistance training when trying to lose adipose tissue?
If you don't perform strength training while losing adipose tissue you will also lose muscle mass. Strength training while losing adipose tissue will allow you to maintain muscle mass
New cards
28
Correlation coefficients
Tell you about relationship among variables --> does not tell you cause & effect Range is +1 to -1 Closer it gets to 0 the poorer the relationship
New cards
29
Direct linear relationship
When Correlation Coefficient is close to +1 One goes up and the other goes up
Sense Wear Armband & Doubly Labeled Water Comparison
30 people wore two armband monitors for two weeks and compared it with doubly labeled water method - No significant differences in TEE
New cards
35
Nutrients most important for building muscle mass
Protein & Complex Carbs
New cards
36
Four things necessary to build muscle mass
Hormonal, Genetics, Nutrition, Resistance Training
New cards
37
Metabolic Syndrome
Abdominal obesity - waist circumference of 102 cm for men, 88 cm for women Serum triglycerides - 150 mg/dl or above HDL Cholesterol - 40 mg/dl or lower in men, 50 mg/dl or lower in women BP - 130/85 or higher Fasting Blood Glucose - 100 mg/dl or above
New cards
38
How many of the five factors do you need to meet to have metabolic syndrome?
3 or more
New cards
39
What fuel source powers the energy for strength training
PCr Pathway
New cards
40
Thermic Effect of Food Meaning
Increased metabolic rate after consuming food
New cards
41
Which of the 5 symptoms of metabolic syndrome is visually apparent
Abdominal Obesity
New cards
42
% of people over the age of 60 in the US who have metabolic syndrome?
40%
New cards
43
BMR
Energy Expenditure necessary to keep cells alive Measured when you are asleep but alive
New cards
44
RMR
Includes BMR & Metabolism when Sedentary Awake but not moving
New cards
45
Impact of strength training on metabolism in the long term
Weight lifting has little to no effect on metabolism in less than 1-2 years >2 Years of weight lifting can substantial increase in muscle mass will increase metabolic rate
New cards
46
Wolf's Law
We deposit bone at areas of stress Can be positive (increase in bone mass) or negative (bone spurs)
New cards
47
What type of activity is best for bone health in preadolescents
Jumping
New cards
48
Energy in a pound of adipose tissue
3,500 kcals
New cards
49
Two Component model of body composition
Version 1: Lean body mass & Fat mass Problem: Not all lipid within the body is included into the fat mass category. Version 2: Fat & Fat-free mass Problem: Bone mass, water volume, and muscle mass all in one category
New cards
50
4 Compartment Model
Adipose Tissue Bone Mass Muscle Mass Water Volume
New cards
51
How much time a US child spends in a sedentary state each day
14 hrs
New cards
52
Sitting Disease
Behavior of sitting all day and being sedentary
New cards
53
What makes up a majority of daily energy expenditure
Resting Metabolic Rate
New cards
54
What hormones are most important for bone health
Testosterone & Estrogen
New cards
55
What explains the increase in weight when starting an exercise program
Increase in glycogen & water stores, not muscle
New cards
56
Recommended steps to achieve basic health guidelines through pedometry
10,000
New cards
57
Group that had an unusually high # of steps per day
Old-order Amish - Well over 10,000
New cards
58
Advantages to new pattern recognition monitors
Anything new; can help us measure multiple things at once (pedometer, accelerometer, HR all in one)
New cards
59
What form we store carbs in in our muscles
Glycogen
New cards
60
% of Post-menopausal osteoporosis reduction caused by jumping in early age women and girls
10%
New cards
61
What accounts for the majority energy allocated for activity energy expenditure
Incidental physical activity
New cards
62
How much can you expect to increase your metabolic rate per day by adding 4 lbs of muscle?
Studied by 4 people
Note 
Flashcard (30)