Cariology 1st discussion (Prelims)

Caries

Slow disintegration of any biological hard tissue due to bacterial action and affect humans since prehistoric times

Caries

It is as UBIQUITOUS present in all populations and is as old as mankind.

WHO

Defined it as a localized post eruptive, pathological process of external origin involving softening of the hard tooth tissue and proceeding to the formation of a cavity

post eruptive
hard tooth
cavity

WHO defined it as a localized [?], pathological process of external origin involving softening of the [?] tissue and proceeding to the formation of a [?]

GV Black

Defined it as the chemical dissolution of the calcium salts, first of the enamel then of the dentin by lactic acid

chemical dissolution
lactic acid

GV Black defined it as the [?] of the calcium salts, first of the enamel then of the dentin by [?]

Shafer

Gave his definition as an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth

irreversible microbial disease
calcified
inorganic

Shafer gave his definition as an [?] disease of the [?] tissues of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the [?] portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth

Kess and Ash

Dental caries is a disease involving hard portions of the teeth exposed in the oral cavity and is characterized by disintegration of enamel, dentin, and cementum forming open cavities.

hard
disintegration
open

Kess and Ash stated that dental caries is a disease involving [?] portions of the teeth exposed in the oral cavity and is characterized by [?] of enamel, dentin, and cementum forming [?] cavities.

Sturdevant

Defined it as an infectious microbiologic disease of the teeth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified tissues.

infectious microbiologic
dissolution
destruction

Sturdevant Defined it as an [?] disease of the teeth that results in localized [?] and [?] of calcified tissues.

Last

Defined dental caries as an illness due to specific infectious agents or toxic products that arise through the transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.

illness

Last defined dental caries as an [?] due to specific infectious agents or toxic products that arise through the transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.

GJ Mount

Caries is perceived to be a prolonged imbalance in the oral cavity such that the factors favoring demineralization of enamel and dentin overwhelm the factors that favor remineralization and repair of those tissues.

imbalance
demineralization

GJ Mount stated that caries is perceived to be a prolonged [?] in the oral cavity such that the factors favoring [?] of enamel and dentin overwhelm the factors that favor remineralization and repair of those tissues.

Cawson

Dental caries can be defined as progressive, irreversible bacterial damage to teeth exposed to the oral environment.

progressive
irreversible

Cawson stated that dental caries can be defined as [?], [?] bacterial damage to teeth exposed to the oral environment.

Kidd and Smith

Caries is a disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth caused by the action of micro-organisms on fermentable carbohydrates

calcified
micro-organism
fermentable

Kidd and Smith stated that caries is a disease of the [?] tissues of the teeth caused by the action of [?] on [?] carbohydrates

Lundeen

Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissues of the teeth and progresses as a series of exacerbations and remissions.

infectious microbiological
calcified
exacerbations
remissions

Lundeen stated that dental caries is an [?] disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the [?] tissues of the teeth and progresses as a series of [?] and [?].

Ernest Newburn

Dental caries or tooth decay, is a pathological process of localized destruction of tooth tissues by microorganisms.

destruction
microorganism

Ernest Newburn stated that dental caries or tooth decay, is a pathological process of localized [?] of tooth tissues by [?].

Ostron

Dental caries is a process of enamel or dentin dissolution that is caused by microbial action at the tooth surface and is mediated by the physiochemical flow of water dissolved ions.

microbial
physiochemical flow
ions

Ostron stated that dental caries is a process of enamel or dentin dissolution that is caused by [?] action at the tooth surface and is mediated by the [?] of water dissolved [?].

Sikri

Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance of oral micro-organisms leading to acid production and subsequently dissolving the hard tissues of the tooth.

infectious
oral microorganism
hard tissues

Sikri stated that dental caries is an [?] disease caused by an imbalance of [?] leading to acid production and subsequently dissolving the [?] of the tooth.

Hume

Dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite (mineral) component of the enamel then the dentin, or of the cementum, then dentin.

acid dissolution
apatite

Hume stated that dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by [?] of the [?] (mineral) component of the enamel then the dentin, or of the cementum, then dentin.

Fejerskov and Nyvad

Dental caries is a complex disease caused by an imbalance in physiologic equilibrium between tooth mineral and biofilm fluid.

physiological equilibrium
tooth mineral
biofilm fluid

Fejerskov and Nyvad stated that dental caries is a complex disease caused by an imbalance in [?] between [?] and [?].

Selwitz

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that starts with microbiological shifts within the complex biofilm. It is affected by salivary flow and composition, exposure to fluoride, consumption of dietary sugars, and preventive behaviors, like cleaning the teeth. However, it is mainly a disease that dates back to antiquity and has also occurred in populations that have never used sugar or processed foods.

multifactorial disease
microbiological shifts

Selwitz stated that dental caries is a [?] that starts with [?] within the complex biofilm. It is affected by salivary flow and composition, exposure to fluoride, consumption of dietary sugars, and preventive behaviors, like cleaning the teeth. However, it is mainly a disease that dates back to antiquity and has also occurred in populations that have never used sugar or processed foods.

decay/cavity
bacterial processes
break down

Topic: Early Definition of Dental Caries

Dental caries, also known as tooth [?], is a disease where [?] damage hard tooth structures (enamel, dentin, and cementum). These tissues progressively [?], producing dental cavities (holes in the teeth).

damage
demineralization
sugars
starches

Topic: Early Definition of Dental Caries

A disease of the teeth resulting in [?] to the tooth structure and The bacterial disease is known as tooth decay/cavities causes [?] of teeth through exposure to [?] and [?].

penetration
convert
acid
cavity

Topic: Early Definition of Dental Caries

Decay of teeth due to [?] of bacteria through the enamel to the dentin and A disease of teeth in which micro-organisms [?] sugar in the mouth to an [?] that erodes the tooth commonly called a [?].

decalcification
destruction

Topic: Early Definition of Dental Caries

A destructive process causing [?] of tooth enamel and leading to the continued [?] of enamel and dentin.

location
cavitation status
activity status

Caries can be classified in several ways based on [?], [?] and [?].

caries lesion

[?] - tooth demineralization as a result of the caries process.

smooth surface caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location (Coronal Caries)

A caries lesion on a smooth tooth surface.

pit and fissure caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location (Coronal Caries)

A caries lesion on the pit and fissure area.

Coronal caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion on any surface of the anatomic tooth crown

root caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion in the root surface

coronal caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion on any surface of the anatomic tooth crown and can be classified according to their specific location

occlusal caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion on the occlusal surface

proximal caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion on the proximal surface

root caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location

A caries lesion in the root surface and Also referred to as “cemental caries”

Primary caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location (Origin)

A caries lesion NOT adjacent to an existing restoration or crown.

Secondary or recurrent caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location (Origin)

A caries lesion adjacent to an existing restoration, crown or sealant.

Residual caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Location (Origin)

A carious tissue not completely excavated before and placing a restoration. Difficult to differentiate from secondary caries.

Enamel caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to affected tooth

A caries lesion in the enamel, has not reached the dentin

Dentin caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to affected tooth

A caries lesion in the dentin

Cavitated caries lesion

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Cavitation Status

A caries lesion that results in the breaking of the integrity of the tooth, or a cavitation.

Non-cavitated lesion

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Cavitation Status

A caries lesion that has not been cavitated. In enamel caries, non- cavitated lesions are also referred to as “white spot” lesions.

Active caries lesion

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Activity Status

A caries lesion considered to be biologically active, a lesion in which tooth demineralization is in frank activity at the time of examination.

Inactive caries lesion

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Activity Status

A caries lesion considered to be biologically inactive at the time of examination; tooth demineralization caused by caries may have happened in the past but has stopped and is currently stalled.

Inactive caries lesion

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Activity Status

A carries referred to as ARRESTED CARIES, caries process has been arrested but the clinical signs of the lesion itself are still present.

Rampant caries

Topic: Cavity (Layman’s term) According to Activity Status

Presence of extensive and multiple cavitated and active caries lesions in the same person. Typically associated with “baby bottle caries”, “radiation therapy caries”, or “meth-mouth caries”.

Active Caries

• Detection within some years after tooth eruption
• With plaque coverage
• Matt/frosty/rough appearance of enamel surface after air-drying
• Microcavities
• White (brown) discoloration in enamel
• Soft, wet, (un)discolored dentin

Tooth eruption
Plaque
Matt/frosty/rough
Brown
Wet

Active Caries

• Detection within some years after [?]
• With [?] coverage
• [?] appearance of enamel surface after air-drying
• Microcavities
• White (?) discoloration in enamel
• Soft, [?], (un)discolored dentin

Inactive Caries

• Persistence of the lesions over years/decades.
• No plaque coverage
• Gloss, shiny appearance of enamel surface after air-drying
• Lesions located in distance to the gingiva
• Brown discoloration in Enamel
• Hard, dry, discolored

Lesion
No
Gloss, shiny
Gingiva
Brown
Dry

Inactive Caries

• Persistence of the [?] over years/decades.
• [?] plaque coverage
• [?], [?] appearance of enamel surface after air-drying
• Lesions located in distance to the [?]
• [?] discoloration in Enamel
• Hard, [?], discolored