UTA Human Phys. Exam 3

Respiratory System

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

Production of hormones

Which of the following describes external respiration?

Gas exchange between air and blood

Internal respiration occurs:

Between blood and tissues

Cellular respiration produces:

ATP

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion

The upper respiratory tract includes all except:

Trachea

The lower respiratory tract includes:

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

The nasal septum divides the:

Nasal cavity

Hair inside the nose helps:

Filter large particles

A deviated septum results from:

Bent nasal septum

The nasal conchae function to:

Increase surface area and trap particles

Mucous membranes in the nasal cavity:

Warm, moisten, and filter air

The paranasal sinuses help:

Reduce skull weight

Which sinus lies above the eyes?

Frontal

Sinuses that act as resonant chambers for the voice are:

Paranasal sinuses

The pharynx is located:

Behind the oral cavity

The three parts of the pharynx are:

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

The larynx houses:

Vocal cords

The Adam’s apple is formed by:

Thyroid cartilage

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the:

Trachea

The true vocal folds:

Produce sound

When tension on the vocal cords increases:

Pitch rises

The glottis is:

The vocal cord opening

Laryngitis can cause:

Hoarse voice or loss of speech

The trachea is also known as the:

Windpipe

The trachea’s cartilage rings prevent:

Collapse of the airway

Air passes from trachea to:

Primary → Secondary → Tertiary bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

The right lung has ___ lobes.

3

The left lung has fewer lobes because:

The heart occupies space (cardiac notch)

Serous fluid around lungs:

Lubricates and reduces friction

The alveoli are connected to the bloodstream through:

Capillaries

The alveolar sac is:

A cluster of alveoli

The alveolar duct opens into:

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli expand due to:

Elastic walls and surfactant

Surfactant prevents:

Alveolar collapse

The diaphragm contracts during:

Inhalation

Boyle’s Law states:

Pressure and volume are inversely related

Atmospheric pressure at sea level =

760 mmHg

Intrapleural pressure is always:

Lower than intra-alveolar pressure

Transpulmonary pressure determines:

Lung size

Elastic recoil helps:

Exhalation

A pneumothorax refers to:

Collapsed lung

Pleural effusion is:

Fluid buildup in pleural cavity

Spirometry measures:

Lung volumes and capacities

Tidal volume (TV) =

Air inhaled in one quiet breath (~500 mL)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):

Air inhaled after a normal breath

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV):

A) Air forcefully exhaled after normal expiration

Residual volume (RV) ensures:

Constant gas exchange

Vital capacity (VC) =

TV + IRV + ERV

Total lung capacity (TLC) =

TV + IRV + ERV + RV and RV + VC

Functional residual capacity (FRC) =

ERV + RV

Quiet breathing is also called:

Eupnea

Forced breathing (hyperpnea) requires:

Diaphragm and accessory muscles

Breathing rhythm is controlled by neurons in:

Medulla and pons

The dorsal respiratory group controls:

Basic rhythm of breathing

The ventral respiratory group is active during:

Forced breathing

The pneumotaxic area:

Inhibits respiration

Chemoreceptors detect increases in:

CO₂ and H⁺

Emotional states like fear and pain:

Increase or alter breathing rate

Hyperventilation causes:

Low CO₂ and Increased pH

Coughing clears:

Upper airway and Lower airway

A hiccup is caused by:

Diaphragm spasm

A yawn may be triggered by:

• Low oxygen levels

• High CO₂

• Brain fatigue

Asthma involves:

Inflammation and constriction of bronchioles

Asthma attacks can be triggered by:

• Dust or pollen

• Cold air

• Stress or exercise

COPD includes:

Bronchitis and emphysema

Chronic bronchitis causes:

Mucus overproduction and airway inflammation

Emphysema damages:

Alveoli walls

Cystic fibrosis is:

Hereditary

If both parents carry the CF gene (Ff x Ff), chance of affected child =

25%

Sleep apnea involves:

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

Pulmonary embolism refers to:

Blood clot that travels to lungs

Lung cancer commonly shows which late symptoms?

Coughing blood and wheezing

Altitude sickness occurs because:

Low oxygen pressure at high altitudes

Severe altitude sickness can lead to:

Pulmonary edema

Hypoxia means:

Lack of oxygen in tissues

Asphyxia results from:

Inability to breathe normally

Pneumonia is caused by:

Bacterial or viral infection in alveoli

Tuberculosis primarily infects the:

Lungs

Whooping cough (pertussis) causes:

Violent coughing and gasping for breath