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1629

Charles l attempted to run the country without parliament but in 1640 he had to reinstate parliament because of his lack of money

In exchange for the money

Parliament wanted sweeping changes to the constitution and many militant puritans supported this

Start of the English civil War

Soon after in 1642 Charles took up arms against the supporters of the parliament-This confrontation soon started a conflict known as the English Civil War

1642-1645

English Civil War

Two sides in English Civil War

Cavaliers(forces of the monarchy) and the Roundheads(forces of parliament dominated by the puritans)

Result of the English Civil War

Roundheads win and Parlement is able to restore its traditional rights(as puritans)

Pride's purge

Parliament got rid of everyone who supported the monarchy so the Rump Parliament was left

Rump parliament

50ish anti-monarchy parliament members-Tried convicted and executed Charles I

Puritan Beliefs

The Church of England was too similar to the Roman Catholic Church and should eliminate all semblance of the Catholic Church within the Church of England

Oliver Cromwell

Skilled general in the English Civil War turned Crazy Puritan Dictator or known as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote Leviathan-the best statement for absolute government-1651

Oliver Cromwell had a standing army

Parliament tried to disband his army so Oliver marched his army and preformed a Coup D'etat-Ruled from 1653 to 1658

1660

After the death of Cromwell the Stuarts returned to the English throne

The Restoration

The restoration of the stuart dynasty under Charles II

Charles II was sympathetic to Catholics

So there was an ultraroyalist response to push for absolutism

Clarendon Code(1661-1665)

Move by parliament to go after any dissenters of The Church of England

Navigation Acts

Under the reign of Charles II many colonies had been established so this had been made to control all the trade coming from the colonies

The Navigation Acts and The Clarendon Code won't be enforced until later because of wars with France

When they are enforced in the 18th century it sparks a revolution

Test Act

Test act was designed by parliament to keep any catholic from serving in the English government-You had to deny transubstantiation-bread and wine is the body/blood of christ

Absolutism

A system of government where there is an absence of a constitutional check on royal power

Constitutionalism

A system of government where there is a constitutional check on royal power

Charles II also had an alliance with France

Which is bad because France is Catholic

End of Charles II reign

For the last four years of his reign he rule without parliament-Converted to catholicism on his deathbed

James II

Replied the test act and dissolved parliament and appointed catholics

1687,1688,and June 20th 1688

James II declaration of indulgence-imprisoned 7 anglican bishops-James II baptized his newly born son

Notion of the power resting in parliament eventually transformed to the power rests in the people

Foundation of our Government

Anne

last Stuart monarch of England

Act of settlement

With the death of Anne the Hanoverian Dynasty would take over

Glorious Revolution

Parliament asks William and Mary to invade and overthrow the government-After James II self exiles to France

Condition of taking the throne

English Bill of Rights-1688-1702-Establish the supremacy of parliament

Constitutional Check

System of checks and balances of royal power-First one is the Magna Carta-1215

Best Example of Absolutism

France-Louis XIV

France is Uniformly Catholic

Largest and most powerful of the Catholic nations monarchy wise

Incan Mita Good

Spanish Mita Bad

Divine Right of Kings

A king was king because God said they should be

1607

Jamestown founded

Impermancy of the Virginia Population

Due to the climate of the region mosquitoes festered and caused thousands of deaths each year making the population rise at a very slow rate 2000 to 8000 in 18 years-1622 to 1640-But in the next 60 years 80,000 more people would come to the colonies

1624

Virginia becomes a royal colony and the Virginia Company was dissolved-Showed that Virginia was profitable and had potential

Patterns of settlement

The settlements were all spread out due to the headright system and the cash crop economy

1622

Opechancanough, Powhatan's Brother and successor launched an attack on the colonies

Due to the native attacks

James I disbanded the Virginia company and made it a royal colony-He also made his council the main legislative force in the colonies and established the Church so people would pay taxes for the clergy

Virginia Society

Most men didn't marry because of the lack of women and most people parents died before of adulthood so unmarried men and orphans made up a large part of the population

As more and more people came to Virginia

More servants were needed leading to many young men signing indenture contracts

In Scrooby Manor the congregation of people there thought that the Anglican church held to many Catholic beliefs

So they left for Holland in 1608-1609 because citizens had to go to church-They became known as separatists

1617

The separatists were worried that they were losing their identity so they left on the mayflower for the Americas

Due to miss-navigation the Pilgrims landed in New England

They had no authority to make a civil government in this land and after the non-pilgrim sailors threatened to mutiny they made an agreement called the Mayflower Compact which combined themself together into one civil body politick

William Bradford

He developed private land ownership and helped the Pilgrims get through winter and other challenges

Disease and starvation killed half of the 102 in the first year

But the man William Bradford persuaded and frightened men and women to survive in the new world

Bradford had help in the form of a Native named Squanto

He was able to speak english after escaping from slavery-Squanto taught them how to cook and hunt in America and without his help the Pilgrims would have starved

Economy of New England

Timber and independent farmers

1691

As a result of the pilgrims having slow population increase and no way to gain substantial profit so it absorbed into Massachusetts

From a puritan perspective

The Stuarts were corrupt-Corruption in the court,public extravagance,appeasing catholic powers in Europe

As puritans elected outspoken representatives who often criticized royal policy and Bishop Laud

Charles I decided to rule without parliament in 1629 because of it

As puritans were worried about the state and future of England the set their eyes on the new world

And on March 4th 1629 they received a charter for the Massachusetts Bay colony

Cambridge Agreement

1629-Puritan stockholders of Massachusetts Bay Colony agreed to move to New England in return for control of the colonies government

Loophole in the Cambridge Agreement

They didn't have an official place of meeting so they could have meetings in America to govern the colony where Laud and the King could not interfere as much

Population Characteristics of Massachusetts Bay

They came as families and communities-So the gender split was equal unlike Virginia

Their Devotion to their faith led them to be

Successful and organized

Government of Massachusetts Bay

Governor-Colonial Legislature/ General Court-Court of Assistants

Men who were full members of a congregational Church could vote

Around 40% of the male population could vote

Franchise

People that had the right to vote

Suffrage

The right to vote-Was extended to men who were full members of a congregational Church

Congregationalism

Church system set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony wherein each local church served as the center of its own community-Local power and Independence

1648

The first alphabetized code of law was published-Sign of success and spread of knowledge

Antinomianism

Rejects the need for a leaned clergy

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Anne Hutchinson

Started to question puritan ministers and gets put on trial until she slips up and eventually gets exiled to Rhode Island with her followers-Not the founder of antinomianism but her thoughts are in line with it

The founding of Pennsylvania

Comes hand in hand with the Quakers

Quakerism

A radical sect of antinomianism

George Fox

A poor shoemaker who sparked a new religious message telling people of an inner light and that people could attain greater spiritual perfection and be saved-Founder of Quakerism

Quaker Beliefs

All people are equal, did not believe in war, and problems should be solved peacefully

Innerlight

God's presence was inside of you

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

William Penn's Father

He built a large and wealthy estate and hoped his son would be a high member of the kings court-But Penn disappointed his father by being expelled from oxford for holding unorthodox religious beliefs-After this he eventually join the Quakers

1681

WIlliam Penn negotiated one of the largest land deals in american history and was granted a charter for the new colony of Pennsylvania

The three lower counties which would become Delaware were purchased

Gave Pennsylvania(Philadelphia) access to the atlantic

1682

William Penn signed a document called the Frame of Government giving Penn the right to create any form of government he wanted to

Frame of Government

Gave Penn the right to create any form of government he wanted to

Penn based a portion of his government off the writing of James Harrington

This included a 72 member provincial council for initiating legislation and a 200 person assembly made up of the richest people that would accept of decline bills

Penn promoted his colony throughout europe

By 1685 over 8,000 migrants arrived

Pennsylvania had something that all other colonies didn't

Religious Diversity

1682 again

Penn he came to America-his stay was short on the account the assembly was lessened and they fought over law making and showed no care for the holy experiment

1699

Penn came back to America-where he saw that the colony was economically prosperous but the Quakers had divided into hostile factions

1701

Penn had to return to England but before he did he wrote the Charter of Liberties-This document made the government of Pennsylvania unicameral(one house) and gave representatives the right to initiate bills-It also allowed the assembly to conduct its business without proprietary interference

Progressive Constitution

It was progressive because of it being unicameral which made it different

Importance of the Charter of Liberties

Penn signed away the colonies so they could be successful-If he remained the proprietor his financial troubles would have negatively affected the colony

1718

Old and sick Penn was in prison for debt and died a broken man

Economy of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania had some of the best farmland in the world-Strong agricultural basis-Did not rely on slavery-diverse economy

Jesuits

Members of the society of Jesus who wanted to spread christianity all over the world

Jacques Cartier

Stirred interest in the America for the French in 3 voyages between 1534 and 1542-He explored Newfoundland and the Gulf of St.Lawrence

Samuel de Champlain

Founded the colony of New France at Quebec in 1608-This place allowed for easy access with Native American trade along with allowing settlers take sides in the regions warfare-Against certain native groups

Pattern of Settlement in French America

Little to no people in the claimed land and only about 8,000 in the cities-Sparse

Why New France was not heavily populated compared to British America

France wasn't as bad-France was bigger-Religious Unity-Fur Trade economy led to them not building cities

French Relationship with Native American tribes

Good

Coureurs de bois

(runners of the woods) French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America.

The river systems were

The most strategic locations for trade and military success

The only way the French could control all their clams was

A large series of forts

Expansion leads to conflict

French Indian war/7 years war-France loses

1756-1763

7 years war/French and Indian War

The French Fur Trade

Traded with Native Americans for furs and created alliances with tribes along with the introduction of firearms made native warfare more deadly and leading to the enemies of France Allying with the Dutch and English causing tension between the European powers