Western Civ Renaissance

Decline of feudalism

A key change in Europe during the 14th-15th centuries marked by the weakening of the feudal system and the rise of independent states.

The 100 Years' War

A conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453, initiated by Edward III's claim to the French throne.

Treaty of Troyes (1420)

A key event in the 100 Years' War that placed France momentarily under English control.

Joan of Arc

A French peasant girl who led French forces to victory during the 100 Years' War in 1429.

Wars of the Roses

A civil conflict in England between the Lancaster and York families from 1455 to 1485, ending with the rise of the Tudor dynasty.

Henry VII

The first monarch of the Tudor dynasty in England, who came to power after defeating Richard III.

Louis XI

A French king known as the 'Universal Spider' for his diplomatic skills and efforts to strengthen the monarchy.

Unification of Spain

The consolidation of the Spanish kingdoms following the marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand, leading to the completion of the Reconquista.

Renaissance

A cultural rebirth in Europe from the 14th to the 16th centuries, emphasizing Greek and Roman ideals.

Printing Press

An invention that revolutionized book production and increased literacy during the Renaissance.

Desiderius Erasmus

A Dutch scholar and influential humanist known for his criticism of Church corruption.

Flemish School

A group of Northern Renaissance painters noted for their mastery of oil painting, including Jan van Eyck.

Humanism

A Renaissance movement focusing on human potential and achievements, often through the study of classical texts.

Erasmus' The Praise of Folly

A work that critiques Church practices and advocates for reform.

Giotto di Bondone

A pioneering Italian painter known for his naturalistic representation of figures.

Albrecht Dürer

A German artist known for his detailed engravings and woodcuts.

Masaccio

An Italian painter credited with developing perspective and naturalism in art.

Henry VIII

King of England known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church.