ANSC 102 Exam 1

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What is as-fed basis?

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132 Terms

1

What is as-fed basis?

represents feed as it would be fed to the animal, including water

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2

Starch and fat are examples of...

energy storage

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3

What makes up 60-70% of an animal's body?

water

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4

What is the minimum requirement of water?

it balances losses including production needs

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5

What factors affect water requirements?

diet, environment, and physiological state

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6

What are these sources of? corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, flaxseed oil

lipids

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7

Animals are unable to synthesize most...

vitamins

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8

What is the main source of vitamins and minerals in feed?

Premix

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9

What is the science to study nutritional needs of an animal?

Animal nutrition

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10

How many chambers does a ruminant animal have?

4

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11

What are unique features of the chicken GI tract?

Crop, proventriculus, gizzard, caeca, cloaca

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12

What are unique features of the cow GI tract?

Rumen, omasum, abomasum

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13

What are the four types of digestion?

mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, microbial

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14

Ruminants are herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores?

herbivores

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15

What is a pseudo-ruminant?

Greater than one stomach chamber but less than four

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16

What does feedstuffs consist of?

plant and animal tissues

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17

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

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18

Plant has more what than animal tissues?

CHO

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19

Animal tissues have more what than plant?

protein, fat, and mineral

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20

Define livestock

domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for labor and products

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21

Define parturition

act of giving birth

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22

Define primiparous

This is the animal's first litter

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23

Define multiparous

A female that has had at least one previously successful pregnancy and parturition

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24

Define histology

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

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25

Define anatomy

the study of the structure of the body

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26

Define physiology

the study of how the body and its parts work or function

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27

Define cranial

towards the head

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28

Define caudal

towards the tail

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29

What do the ovaries release?

oocytes

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30

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

estradiol and progesterone

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31

What are the three regions of the ovary?

cortex, medulla, hilum

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32

Where is the cortex on the ovary?

the surface

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33

What does the cortex of the ovaries contain?

follicles and corpa lutea

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34

What does the medulla of the ovaries contain?

connective tissues and blood vessels

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35

What is the hilum/hilus of the ovaries?

The middle point

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36

What do follicles contain?

A 1:1 ratio of oocyte to follicle

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37

What hormone do follicular cells produce?

Estradiol

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38

What does a follicle that undergoes ovulation develop?

Corpus luteum

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39

What do CLs produce?

progesterone

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40

Define estrus

Sexually receptive behaviors

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41

Define estrous cycle

describing the period of time when an animal is showing estrus

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42

What do these structures make up? oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, broad ligament

female tubular tract

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43

What are the functions of the oviduct?

captures oocyte at ovulation and is the place for fertilization

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44

What are the functions of the uterus?

houses conceptus and produces hormones

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45

What are the two regions of the uterus?

uterine horns and body

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46

What are the functions of the cervix?

separates the uterus and vagina, immune protection, filter and reservoir for sperm

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47

What is the function of the vagina?

passage from cervix to external environment(vestibule region)

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48

What is the function of the vulva?

Protects the vagina

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49

What is the broad ligament?

Connective layer of tissues that supports the internal system

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50

What are the functions of the testus?

Release sperm/spermatozoa and produce hormones

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51

What hormones does the testus produce?

Anti-Müllerian hormone/Müllerian-inhibiting hormone and testosterone

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52

What structures make up the male tubular tract?

epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory glands

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53

What are the functions of the epididymis?

store, concentrate, transport, and mature sperm

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54

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

transports sperm to pelvic urethra

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55

What two components make up semen?

seminal plasma and sperm

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56

What are the functions of the spermatic cord?

helps cool testus and connects testes to body

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57

What are the functions of the scrotum?

thermoregulation and protection of testes

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58

What are steroids derived from?

cholesterol

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59

What type of hormone are progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone?

steroid

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60

What type of hormone are gene products?

peptide

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61

Define target tissue

Specific cells which hormones act on. Have receptors specific for the hormone

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62

What substance do hormones travel via?

blood

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63

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce?

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

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64

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone

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65

What two hormones are involved in the estrous cycle?

P4 and E2(inversely)

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66

Define gene

Part of a chromosome

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67

Define locus

Location of a gene on a chromosome

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68

Define genome

The entire genetic material of an organism

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69

Who came up with the laws of particulate inheritance?

Gregory Mendel

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70

How is genomics beneficial to animal breeding?

It takes the guess work out of it

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71

Nutrition makes a ______ change in animal performance

temporary

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72

Animal breeding makes changes that are...

cumulative, permanent, and long-term

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73

Define selection objective

What you want to achieve

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74

Define selection criteria

Measured traits used to achieve selection objectives

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75

What is this equation? P=G+E

the genetic model

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76

What does G represent in the genetic model?

Genotype(the total effect of all genes)

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77

What does E represent in the genetic model?

Environment(everything non-genetic)

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78

What does P represent in the genetic model?

Phenotype(G expressed in some E)

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79

How is breeding value estimated?

phenotypic performance or average of the parents' BVs

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80

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?

4

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81

What is the relationship between a parent and their offspring?(number)

0.5 always

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82

What is the range of relationship between full siblings?

0-1, avg 0.5

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83

Define heritability/H2

the proportion of observed variation due to genetics

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84

What is magnitude of heritability?

how easily we can change the trait

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85

What level of heritability makes selection very effective?

High h2

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86

Define pleiotropy

The ability of a single gene to affect multiple traits 1:2

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87

Define linkage disequilibrium

Genes are inherited together 1:1

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88

Define crossbreeding

mating individuals from different breeds

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89

Why can crossbreeding be helpful?

increased heterozygosity, increased performance, different breeds are desirable for different traits

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90

Define inbreeding

Mating of relatives

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91

What are some potential effects of inbreeding?

increased homozygosity, uniform populations, loss of genetic diversity, decreased performance

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92

Define bull

intact male cattle

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93

Define cow

female cattle that has calved

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94

Define stallion

intact male horse

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95

Define wether

castrated male sheep or goat

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96

Define boar

intact male pig

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97

Define steer

castrated male cattle

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98

Define sow

female pig that has given birth

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99

Define gelding

castrated male horse

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100

Define barrow

castrated male pig

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