Language Acquisition Terms & Definitions - Chapter 6 Study Guide

identify the skills seen in stage 2 of Browns

modulation of meaning; pronouns begins; phrases begin; negation; asking yes/no questions; requests and demands

identify the order in which pronouns are aquired

1. subjective (he, it, she)

2. objective (me, her, them)

3. must learn when to use is/are (he is, they are)

4. possessive forms (hers, his, mine)

5. reflexive forms (yourself, herself)

identify the auxiliary verbs and give an example of each

Auxiliary verbs : helping verbs

Primary auxiliary verbs: have, do

Secondary auxiliary verbs: "Modals" - can, shall, will

semi-auxiliary verbs: gonna, hafta, Wanna

define noun phrase

contains a noun and words that describe the noun (my/mine & this/that)

what are the 4 types of modifiers

determiners : 1st unit in noun phrase could be an article (a ,the) , possessive pronoun (my), demonstrative (this, that those) , qualifier (some, most, many

adjectival : modifies noun; can be an adjective or ordinal (1st, 2nd, last) or quantifier (one or few)

initiator : comes before determiner and limits noun. (ex: only , just, all)

post modifier: comes after noun; might be a phrase (in the middle, on the big tray)

define verb phrase

- contains a verb and other supporting or qualifying words (-ing endings & semi auxiliary gonna, wanna)

what is negation used to express

nonexistence, rejection, denial

identify the 2 types of questions used in stage 2

yes/no questions

wh- questions

define imperative sentence

a sentence that gives advice/instructions or that expresses a request/command

identify the aspects of semantics present in stage 2

expressively using 200-300 words

fast mapping: learning word with 1st experience

longer, more elaborate sentences with more defined meaning

identifies and understands emotions in self and others

begins to use "because" and "so" (shows causality)

identify the various aspects of pragmatics used in stage 2

- begins to use please

- talks more frequently and completely (and responds the same)

- better gains attention of listener

- able to introduce new conversation topics

- topic maintenance only lasts for 1-2 turns

- better at turn taking

- conversational repair (they have more successful attempts)

define conversational repair

revision or repair on message when the listener is not able to understand

define metalinguistics

ability to think about language and manipulate the components of language

identify the morphemes used more consistently in stage 3

personal pronouns

demonstrative pronouns

articles

qualifiers

adjectives

auxiliary verbs (may not be the correct use)

identify the characteristics of questions in stage 3

-inverts auxiliary verbs

- inverts copula verbs

- what and where type questions most frequent

- emerging use of why, who, and how

identify the pragmatic characteristics in stage 3

- 2 conversation turns per topic

- difficulty commenting on absent items/event

-unable to rely on nonverbal communication

- topic collaborating

- rely on questions to stay on topic

- conversational repairs improve

identify the characteristics of narratives in stage 3

- caregivers provide support to teach structure of language/sequences

- helps provide way to think about and remember information

- narrative discourse: at least 2 utterances in order about a past or future event

* language ability required to talk about episodes/settings

* aware and responsive to listeners needs

* effectively use working memory and information processing

define recounts

statement about childs day

define protonarratives

statement about past event prompted by caregiver that shared the experience

define account

spontaneous retelling of past events

define chaining

ordering events into a logical schedule

define centering

building the story around a central theme

identify the metalinguistic skills used in stage 3

- awareness of rhythms continue

- crave repetition

- responds to predictable patterns

- book sharing activities (print interest)

define prepositional phrase

preposition with object, modifiers and object

define participal phrase

verb form ending in -ing, -ed, -en, -t

define infinitives

verb form introduces with "to" or "in order to"

define gerund

verb form ending in -ing functions as a subject or object

identify the characteristics of phrases in stage 4

- use within a clause

- emedding (complex sentences )

- joins 2 independent clauses

identify the characteristics of morphology in stage 4

use of: pronouns, modifiers, past tense modals, modifer in front of noun; begins to add "be" and -ing verbs; differentiate in might/must vs. can/may; overextension of past tense verbs, uses negative contractions; questions with why, who, and when

identify and define the 3 specific pragmatic and conversation skills that occur in stage 4

- anaphoric reference: use of pronoun to refer to item already mentioned in conversation

- deixis: process information from another persons perspective (the idea that certain words mean different things based on who says them)

- grammatical ellipsis: omission of the info when he assumes the listener already has it

identify the foundational literacy skills

print functions, print organization, print concepts, word concepts, letter knowledge, part to whole relationships

identify caregiver actions during book-sharing activity in stage 4

pointing to words, asking questions regarding: letter identification, name identification, etc.

identify the morphological skills present in stage 5

- mastered common irregular verbs

- contracted copula

- copula reflects tense/person

- mastered 3rd person singular verbs

- personal pronouns develop

- negative past tense

- might add "huh" or "okay" to indicate question

- suffixes emerge

identify the embedding and conjoining sentences skills in stage 5

- continues to develop more elaborate sentences by embedding

- correctly uses relative clauses

- uses sentences with multiple embeddings

- more consistent use of conjoining clauses

identify the order in which embedding and conjoining is developed

additive: joins 2 independent clauses

object specification: links clauses with common topic

temporal: used to sequence clauses- one event after another

causal: states an action followed by a reason

adversative: used to show contrast

define embedded clauses

information related to the sentence topic is put into the middle of the sentence to give the reader more info and enhance the sentence

identify the pragmatic characteristics present in stage 5

more social; more appropriate conversations; anticipates turn; might finish listeners thought; willing to give up turn to preserve topic; increases loudness for attention; struggles with 3 person conversation; uses please

identify the narrative skills in stage 5

more complex grammatical forms - 3rd person pronouns, past tense verbs, conjunctions

identify the metalinguistic skills developed in stage 5

emerging print concept knowledge; alphabet knowledge; phonological awareness

define phonological awareness

- ability to focus on the sound structure of his language

- sentences; words in sentences; words into syllables; syllables into sounds

- rhymes, identifying 1st/last sounds in words