American History Chapter 29

NWACC

who was President John F Kennedy’s Vice President that became president when Kennedy was assassinated 

Lyndon B Johnson

the assassinations of John Kennedy, his brother Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr showed what

that not all Americans shared a vision of a more inclusive democracy

the 1950s were a time of conformity, but the 60s were a time for change, and Kennedy called this time of aspirations and challenges what?

“new frontier”

who was John Kennedy’s wife

Jacqueline Kennedy

what did John F Kennedy convey that made him so popular

a sense of optimism and youthfulness

what were John J Kennedy’s 2 nicknames

JFK or Jack

the first televised presidential debate was in 1960 between which 2 candidates

JFK and Richard Nixon

what was wrong with JFK

he was ill from wartime injuries

who was JFK’s dad and what had he done

Joseph Kennedy, ambassador to Great Britain

what were 2 reasons some did some not like JFK

he was Catholic and they thought he would be influenced by the Pope and because he was liberal (open-minded) with civil rights

why was Lyndon B Johnson made his VP candidate

to get more support for JFK in the South bc Johnson was from the South and was a Protestant

what famous line did JFK say at his inaugural address (day you become president)

ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country

who was JFK’s Secretary of State

Dean Rusk

who was JFK’s Secretary of Defense and former president of Ford

Robert McNamara

who was JFK’s Attorney General

Robert Kennedy

what hampered JFK’s reform plans such as new civil rights legislation

narrow victory and lack of support from member of his own party, especially from the south

what 2 reform plans was JFK able to achieve

poverty relief and care for the disabled

what 1963 act increased support for public mental health services

Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

so Kennedy focused most of his effort on what

foreign policy

who was the first person to orbit the earth and what country was he from

Yuri Gagarin from the Soviet Union

who was the first American to travel into space

Alan Shephard

which country landed on the moon first

US

trying to get to the moon first advanced what

military technologies, especially the long-range missile

trying to get to the moon funded what

a growing middle class of government workers, engineers, and defense contractors

what is the Sun Belt

states between California and Florida

what was the Sun Belt a symbol of

American technological superiority 

what was Alan Shephard’s mission to get to space called

Mercury-Redstone

to counter Soviet and communism influence in the world, JFK supported or created which 3 measures

Alliance for Progress, Agency for International Development, and the Peace Corps

what did the Alliance for Progress do

collaborated with the governments of Latin American countries to promote economic growth

what did the Agency for International Development do

oversee the distribution of foreign aid

what did the Peace Corps do

recruited young people for humanitarian international projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

the 3 measures that JFK used to counter Soviet or communism influence overall did what

helped provide food and improve healthcare and education

the Peace Corps volunteers were what in the Cold War

“soft power”

term for JFK’s military strategy to be able to respond to threats in a variety of ways

flexible response

term for the military suppression of rebel and nationalist groups in foreign nations

counterinsurgency

term for the US Army special forces group trained in counterinsurgency

Green Berets

JFK’s approach to military defense was focused on what

ability and willingness to wage both conventional and nuclear wars

what kind of government did and does Cuba have

communist

who was the leader of Cuba in the 60s

Fidel Castro

who was the dictator of Cuba that Fidel Castro overthrew

Fulgencio Batista

what had Eisenhower asked the CIA to do to Fidel Castro

to find a way to remove him from power by training a group of Cuban exiles to go back to Cuba to inspire their countrymen to topple Castro

JFK agreed to keep this plan and had 1400 Cuban exiles land where in Cuba in 1961

Bay of Pigs

what was the Cuban exile attempt called

Bay of Pigs invasion

Eisenhower had promised air support for the exiles. Did JFK provide it? Why or why not

no because he feared domestic criticism and Soviet retaliation

did the exiles succeed in overthrowing Castro

no

how did the Soviet Union respond to the Bay of Pigs invasion

sent troops and technicians to Cuba to strengthen its new ally against more US plots

what did the US then find in Cuba through spy planes

long-range ballistic missile sites

what did the missile sites in Cuba mean for the US

that the US was now in reach of Soviet nuclear war

who was the Soviet Premier (leader) at the time

Nikita Khrushchev

what did JFK demand of Soviet Premier Nikita after seeing the new Cuban missile sites

that they remove the missiles

what did JFK order the US navy to do after seeing the new Cuban missile sites

a naval quarantine around Cuba to prevent Soviet ships from approaching

what was the term for the time after Cuba created these missile sites called

Cuban Missile Crisis

why did JFK call it a naval quarantine instead of a naval blockade

a blockade was considered an act of war

even though he called it a quarantine, did JFK tell the army to prepare for war

yes

JFK appeared on TV to declare what to the American people

his intention to defend the Western Hemisphere from Soviet aggression

how did Soviet Premier Nikita respond

he sought a peaceful solution and overruled those in his govt that wanted a harder stance

who worked on the compromise between the US and the Soviet Union

Robert Kennedy and Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin

what did the compromise between the US and Soviet Union state

Russian missiles would be removed and the US would not invade Cuba and would remove missiles from Turkey because it was close to the Soviet Union

before the compromise was agreed to, did both the US and the Soviet Union have nuclear bombs in the air ready to strike

yes

this nearly catastrophic event led to what that made the world safer

a telephone “hot line” between the US (Washington DC) and the Soviet Union (Moscow) to avert future crises

what treaty did JFK and Nikita sign to prohibit testing nuclear weapons in Earth’s atmosphere

Limited Test Ban Treaty

besides Cuba, what was the other country the US sought to contain the advance of communism

Vietnam

name of Vietnam’s nationalist independence movement

Viet Minh

leader of the Viet Minh movement

Ho Chi Minh

which country had control of the colony Indochina, which included what is now called Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

France

did the Vietnamese forces (Viet Minh) defeat France in 1954

yes

what treaty was made between France and Viet Minh after France was defeated

Geneva Accords

what happened to Vietnam after they defeated the French

it was divided at the 17th parallel

what did the Geneva Accords call for

countrywide national elections in Vietnam instead of keeping the North and South divide

who controlled North Vietnam after the French were defeated

Viet Minh under Ho Chi Minh

who controlled South Vietnam after the French were defeated

Vietnamese emperor Bao Dai

Vietnamese emperor Bao Dai’s prime minister

Ngo Dinh Diem

what did Diem do to Bao Dai

held a fraudulent election and ousted Bao Dai and made himself the president of the Republic of Vietnam

since Diem made it clear he would not unite Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh, what did North Vietnam create to carry out an insurgency in the South

National Liberation Front

why was Diem not liked, even by so many in South Vietnam

he was oppressive and corrupt

what did JFK do for Diem because it feared the spread of communism

supplied Diem with money and military advisors to help his govt

within a few years, 16,000 US troops were in Vietnam to do what

train Diem’s South Vietnam special forces and to fly air missions to dump chemicals on the countryside (defoliant chemicals that made the leaves fall off) to expose North/NLF forces and supply routes

what happened to Diem

he was assassinated by South Vietnamese military officers (his own military) after US officials had indicated their support for a new regime since he was so harsh and corrupt

what 2 things did the US’s role in Vietnam reveal

the limits of military power and the contradictions of US foreign policy

cold war concerns guided foreign policy and what domestic movement and why

the JFK administration’s steps towards racial equality because segregation hurt the US’s chances of gaining allies in other countries

but because he didn’t have much support in Congress and because he was afraid to offend white southerners, Kennedy focused on what racial equality movement

voting rights of blacks

which act did Congress pass to appoint referees to guarantee that qualified persons would be registered to vote

Civil Rights Act of 1960

what did southern states use to keep blacks from voting

poll taxes

who did JFK convince to introduce the constitutional amendment to remove the poll tax

FL senator Spessard Holland

besides voting rights, what other rights movement did JFK help with

education

what black student attempted to enroll at the segregated University of Mississippi but riots broke out

James Meredith

what did JFK do to help James Meredith and black education

sent the US Army and National Guard

who led the March Against Fear to protest blacks not being able to vote easily and was shot

James Meredith

which two black students tried to enroll at the University of Alabama

Vivian Malone and James Hood

what act did JFK start (signed after his death) that gave the govt greater power to enforce school desegregation, prohibit segregation in public spaces, and prohibit discrimination in employment

1964 Civil Rights Act

who killed JFK

Lee Harvey Oswald

who killed Oswald

Jack Ruby

who was appointed to lead a fact-finding commission to research the assassination

Earl Warren

what was this commission called that reserached JFK’s assassination

Warren Commission 

when taking office, what did Lyndon Johnson vow to do

accomplish the goals of JFK and expand the role of govt in securing economic opportunity and civil rights for all

what was Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice called

Great Society

what 6 things did the book say The Great Society plan wanted to do

eliminate poverty, eliminate racial injustice, rebuild cities, preserve the natural environment, improve education, and create consumer protection laws 

what was the main thing Johnson wanted to accomplish

ending poverty

what act did Johnson have signed to fix education by increasing federal funding to schools for books and materials and for programs for disadvantaged children

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

who was Johnson’s old teacher who sat by him when he signed the education act

Kate Deadrich Loney