Understanding History Through Primary and Secondary Sources

History of the Filipino People

Agoncillo's significant work, published in multiple editions.

Sampagita

Tagalog weekly that published Alvarez's original text.

Filipiniana Division

Section of NLP focused on Philippine history.

Microfilm Section

Unit containing historical documents in microfilm format.

University of Santo Tomas Archives

Houses Spanish-era educational records.

Manila Observatory Archives

Data on weather disturbances during Spanish rule.

Real Academia de la Historia

Academy in Madrid dedicated to historical research.

Historical Narratives

Stories constructed from historical events and sources.

PARES

Portal de Archivos Españoles for digitized documents.

Digital Archives

Online collections of scanned historical documents.

Collins English Dictionary

Source defining 'artifact' in historical context.

Merriam Webster Dictionary

Source defining 'artifact' as a modified object.

Historiography

Process of reconstructing tested historical data.

Authenticity

Originality of sources in historical research.

Independent Source

Source derived from firsthand experience of events.

Bias

Subjective perspective affecting historical accounts.

Assumptions with Sources

Guidelines for evaluating historical materials.

Historical Process

Sequence of events shaping history.

Hostile Source

Source exhibiting bias against opposing viewpoints.

Scientific Scholarship

Application of established methods in research.

Indebtedness

Acknowledgment of contributions from other historians.

Irresponsible Use of Sources

Manipulating information to mislead readers.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Magdalo faction in Katipunan.

Santiago V. Alvarez

Captain-General of the Magdiwang forces.

Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan

Revolutionary society aiming for Philippine independence.

Nacionalista Party

Political group seeking Philippine independence from the U.S.

Nationalist Historiography

Writing history from a Filipino perspective.

Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy

Agoncillo's degree from the University of the Philippines.

Philippine Revolution

Conflict for independence from Spanish rule.

Credibility Test

Evaluation of source biases and objectives.

Collective Struggle

Mass participation in the revolution's success.

Philippine Nationalism

Movement advocating for Philippine independence and identity.

History

Study of past events and their significance.

Primary Sources

Original materials from the time being studied.

Secondary Sources

Interpretations or analyses based on primary sources.

Kasaysayan

Filipino term for history emphasizing identity.

Moral Understanding

Learning ethical lessons from historical events.

Good Citizenship

Understanding history fosters responsible civic engagement.

National Library of the Philippines

Main repository for Philippine historical documents.

National Archives of the Philippines

Contains government records from Spanish colonial period.

Archdiocesan Archives of Manila

Repository for ecclesiastical documents and records.

Retraction Letter of Rizal

Famous document found in Manila's Archdiocesan Archives.

SIL Philippines

Archives focusing on Philippine languages and ethnic groups.

CICM Archives

Documents from missionaries in northern Luzon.

Local Historical Networks

Centers aiding research on local history.

Archivo General de Indias

Spanish archive in Seville for colonial records.

Archivo Historico Nacional

National archive in Madrid for historical documents.

Museo Naval de la Ministerio de Marina

Naval museum in Madrid with maritime history.

Peter Stearns

Historian who outlined history's relevance.

Collingwood

Philosopher emphasizing history's role in understanding humanity.

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who defined history systematically.

Historical Data Papers

Documents detailing Philippine historical information.

Philippine Revolutionary Records

Collection of documents from the Philippine Revolution.

Research Endeavors

Academic pursuits involving historical investigation.

Chronological Record

Ordered list of significant historical events.

Museo Naval

Naval museum under the Ministry of Marina.

Biblioteca Nacional de Espana

National library housing extensive historical documents.

Viceroyalty of New Spain

Colonial administrative district including the Philippines.

Archivo General de la Nacion

Main archive in Mexico for historical documents.

British Museum

Museum housing historical sources from British occupation.

Jose Rizal

Filipino nationalist who researched historical documents.

National Archives and Records Service

Primary U.S. repository for historical documents.

Library of Congress

Largest library in the U.S. with vast collections.

Ayer Collection

Historical collection at Newberry Library, Chicago.

Archaeological Evidence

Remains aiding in understanding past cultures.

Oral Evidence

Cultural narratives like myths and folk tales.

Material Evidence

Includes photographs, artworks, and recordings.

Primary Source

Firsthand accounts from eyewitnesses or participants.

Secondary Source

Interpretations by those not present at events.

Artifact

Human-made object from a specific historical period.

Ecofact

Natural remains providing evidence of past environments.

Tests of Authenticity

Methods to verify the credibility of sources.

Internal Criticism

Evaluating the content and context of sources.

External Criticism

Assessing the origin and authorship of sources.

Project Gutenberg

Free digital library of eBooks and documents.

Historical Methods

Techniques for analyzing and interpreting historical data.

Louis Gottschalk

Historian known for definitions of historical sources.

Method of History

Thorough examination and analysis of past records.

Negative Revisionism

Attempts to alter historical narratives or events.

Test of Authenticity

Determines genuineness of historical sources.

Credibility

Source's worthiness for historical study.

Competence

Source's ability to convey truthful information.

Willingness

Source's readiness to provide truthful accounts.

Adequacy of Data

Sufficiency of information provided by the source.

Reliability

Source's consistency when corroborated by others.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized reporting lacking factual accuracy.

Corroboration

Support from multiple independent sources.

Provenance

Origin or source history of a document.

Witness Testimony

Account from someone present during an event.

Fabricated Source

Source that does not align with its context.

Logical Reasoning

Rational thought process in evaluating sources.

Context

Setting surrounding an event for historical analysis.

Historical Value

Significance of an event in understanding history.

Milieu

Cultural and social environment of an event.

Testimonies Credibility

Validity of accounts based on witness reliability.

Orientation

Philosophical stance influencing a source's perspective.

Objectivity

Neutral examination of sources without personal influence.

Integrity of Scholarship

Commitment to honesty in academic work.

Plagiarism

Unauthorized use of another's work or ideas.

Critical Dialogue

Engagement with other historians' interpretations.