Skull- Facial Bones Q2

optic nerve (II)

what nerve goes through the optic canal?

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), & opthalmic branch (V)

what nerves run through the superior orbital fissure?

maxillary division trigeminal (V)

nerve that runs through the foramen rotundum?

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V)

nerve that runs thru the foramen ovale

internal carotid artery

runs thru the foramen lacerum

auditory nerve (vestibulocochlear VIII) & facial nerve (VII)

runs thru the internal auditory meatus (IAM)

jugular vein, glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory n. (XI)

run thru the jugular foramen (4 things)

hypoglossal n. (XII)

runs thru the hypoglossal canal

vertebral & spinal arteries, spinal cord, spinal root of XI

runs thru the foramen magnum

• maxilla (2)

• mandible

• inferior nasal conchae (2)

• nasal (2)

• vomer

• lacrimal (2)

• zygomatic (2)

• palatine (2)

name the 14 facial bones

1. sup-frontal

2. post-ethmoid

3. inf-maxilla

4. inf. nasal conchae

lacrimal bone articulations

1. each other on MSP

2. sup. w/ frontal bone

3. posterosuperior w/ perp. plate of ethmoid

4. each lat. side w/ maxillae

nasal bone articulations

lacrimal, maxilla, inferior nasal conchae

the ________, _________, & ________ all form part of the nasolacrimal canal that the nasolacrimal duct passes thru to the nasal cavity

lacrimal gland

the ______ ______ is superolateral to the orbit & excretes tears over the surface of the orbit.

nasolacrimal duct

the ________ _____ from the sac runs thru the maxilla to the nasal cavity- this is why when you cry your nose runs

maxillae

fused; largest immovable facial bones

frontal, ethmoid, & all facial bones except mandible

maxillae articulations

• maxillary sinuses

• infraorbital margin & foramen

• anterior nasal spine/acanthion

body of maxillae contain

1. frontal process

2. zygomatic process

3. alveolar process

4. palatine process

4 process on maxillae

palatine process

the ______ ______ of the maxilla is a horizontal shelf that projects medially to form ¾ of the anterior hard palate. It is the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity.

1. post. with greater wing of sphenoid (in orbit)

2. maxilla

3. frontal bone

4. temporal bone

zygoma articulations

maxillary process

where zygoma articulates with maxilla

frontal process

where zygoma articulates with frontal bone

temporal process

where zygoma articulates with temporal bone

arch

the ______ is made up of both zygoma and temporal bone

palatine bones

2 L-shaped bones composed of vertical and horizontal plates

horizontal plates

______ _____ of palatine bones articulate with maxillae to form the posterior ¼ of bony plates (roof of mouth/floor of nasal cavity)

vertical portions

extend upward btw maxillae & pterygoid processes (sphenoid) to form lateral posterior nasal cavity

superior tips

_____ _____ of palatine bones help form posteriomedial orbit

inferior nasal conhae

extend diagonally & interiorly from lower 1/3 of the lateral walls of nasal cavity

mucous membrane

inferior, middle, and superior nasal conchae are covered with a _______ _____ to warm, moisten & cleanse inhaled air

vomer

thin ‘‘plowshare’’ shaped bone; sits on hard palate & forms posterior & inferior nasal septum, articulates with septal cartilage anteriorly

1. body of sphenoid

2. palatines

3. maxillae

4. perp. plate of ethmoid

vomer articulations

nasal septum; vomer

the perp. plate (ethmoid) is the superior portion of the bony ______ _____ and the _____ is the inferior portion

cartilage

anteriorly, septal _______ completes the division btw the R and L nasal cavities

nasal bones

form bridge of outer nose

frontal bone

contributes to top/front of nasal cavity

roof

cribiform plate (ethmoid) & sphenoid form what part of the nasal cavity

floor

maxilla & palatines (horizontal part) make up what part of the nasal cavity

lateral walls

maxilla, sup. nasal conchae, middle nasal conchae, inf. nasal conchae, palatines, medial pterygoid- make up what part of the nasal cavity

mandible

largest facial bone, only one that moves & slowest to heal. Curved and consists of a body & 2 rami

1. symphesis

2. mental protuberance

3. mental foramen

4. alveolar process

parts of body of mandible

1. coronoid process

2. condylar process/mandibular condyle

   • mandibular notch

   • mandibular foramen

2 processes of the rami

synovial, hinge/gliding

what type of joint is the TMJ

condylar process (mandible); mandibular fossa (temporal bone)

TMJ connects the ________ ______ to the _____ ________

articular tubercle

the ________ _______ on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone borders the joint anteriorly

articular disk

an _______ ______ made of fibrocartilage sits btw the mandibular fossa and the condylar process and cushions the joint.

anterior

the TMJs are just _______ to the EAM

7 bones

the orbit is a complex 4-sided pyramid formed by ________

37° medially

the optic canal is __________ from MSP

30° superiorly

the optic canal is ________ from OML

• aid in speech by resonation

• decrease weight of skull

• warm & moisten air

• shock absorbers

• control immune system

functions of sinuses

6-7 yrs

frontal and sphenoid sinuses develop by ________ such that ethmoids can be distinguished from them

18

the sinuses finish developing around age 18

frontal sinuses

• btw inner & outer tables of frontal bone

• rarely symmetric; number varies

• develops btw 6-7 years

• most superior and anterior sinus

ethmoid sinuses

• within lateral masses of the bone, seen on a lateral anterior to the sphenoid sinus & superior to maxillary sinus

• there are anterior, middle, and posterior air cells

sphenoid sinuses

• below sella turcica

• develop btw 6-7 yrs

• asymmetric, normally paired, most superior sinus

• if air fluid levels in it on a cross table lateral, may indicate basal skull fx

maxillary sinuses

• aerated at birth, small but visible on x-ray

• largest, pyramid shaped

• within maxillary bone above upper teeth

mesocyphalic

typical petrous ridge angle

47°

in mesocephalic, petrous ridges open at what angle

brachycephalic

wide petrous ridges

54°

in brachycephalic, petrous ridges open at what angle

40°

in dolichocephalic, petrous ridges open at what angle