aphg unit 5 vocab quiz

agribusiness

commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

agriculture

the deliberate effort to modify a portion of earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain

aquaculture

the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

cereal

a grass that yields grain for food

chaff

husks of grain seperated from the seed by threshing

combine

a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

commercial agriculture

agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

crop rotation

the practice of rotating use of different. fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

desertification

degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. also known as semiarid land degradation

double cropping

harvesting twice a year from the same field

food desert

geographic areas where residents' access to affordable, healthy food options (especially fresh fruits and vegetables) is restricted or nonexistent due to the absence of grocery stores within convenient traveling distance.

food security

physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

grain

seed of a cereal grass

green revolution

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers

horticulture

the growing of fruits, vegetables and flowers

milkshed

the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

paddy

the malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

pastoral nomadism

a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

pasture

grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animaks, as well as land used for grazing

plantation

a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or 2 crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

ranching

a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

shifting cultivation

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period

slash and burn agriculture

another name for shifting cultivation, named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

subsistence agriculture

agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

sustainable agriculture

farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.

transhumance

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

truck farming

commercial gardening and fruit farming, named because truck was a middle english work meaning 'bartering' or 'exchange of commodities'

undernourishment

dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

winnow

to remove chaff by allowed it to be blown away by the wind