Energy Stores, Equations, and Atomic Structure: Physics and Chemistry Basics

Name the 8 energy stores

Kinetic, Gravitational potential, Chemical, Electrostatic, Magnetic, Elastic potential, Nuclear, Thermal

What happens to energy when a ball falls?

Gravitational potential → kinetic

What energy transfer happens when a candle burns?

Chemical → thermal (and light)

What energy transfer happens when an elastic band is fired?

Elastic potential → kinetic

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

E_p = mgh

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

E_k = 1/2 mv^2

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

E_e = 1/2 ke^2

What does g equal on Earth?

9.8 N/kg

State the law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only stored or transferred

What units are used for GPE, mass and height?

Joules (J), kilograms (kg), metres (m)

What is the rearranged equation to find mass?

m = E/(gh)

What is the rearranged equation to find height?

h = E/(mg)

What is the rearranged equation to find gravitational field strength?

g = E/(mh)

Which objects have kinetic energy?

Moving objects

What are the units for kinetic energy, mass and velocity?

Joules (J), kilograms (kg), metres per second (m/s)

What is the equation linking potential difference, energy and charge?

V = E/Q

What is the equation for charge?

Q = It

What is the equation linking power, current and resistance?

P = I^2R

What does an ammeter measure?

Current

What does a voltmeter measure?

Potential difference

How should an ammeter be connected?

In series

How should a voltmeter be connected?

In parallel

Describe particles in a solid

Regular arrangement, fixed positions, vibrate only, lowest energy

Describe particles in a liquid

Random arrangement, close together, slide past each other, more energy than solids

Describe particles in a gas

Far apart, random, move quickly in all directions, highest energy

What is the atomic number?

Number of protons

What is the mass number?

Protons + neutrons

How many electrons are in a neutral atom?

Same number as protons

How many protons, neutrons and electrons does lithium have?

3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons

How do you calculate neutrons?

Mass number − atomic number