Concept 4.5m- Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another

What are mitochondria?

Sites of cellular respiration

What is cellular respiration?

The metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels

What is the endosymbiont theory?

States that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using no photosynthetic prokaryotic cell

What is an endosymbiont?

• The cell that is engulfed that forms a relationship with the host cell in which it was enclosed

• A cell living within another cell

How is the ancestor of eukaryotic cells (host cells) described by the endosymbiont theory?

Involved an nuclear envelope, an endoplasmic reticulum and a nucleus

How is the nonphotosynthetic eukaryote described by the endosymbiont theory?

Engulfing of oxygen-using non photosynthetic prokaryote, which, over many generations of cells, becomes a mitochondrion

How is the photosynthetic eukaryote described by the endosymbiont theory?

Involves a mitochondrion and the creation of a chloroplast by the engulfing of the photosynthetic prokaryote

Fill in the missing information.

A: Mitochondrion

B: Intermembrane space

C: Outer membrane

D: DNA

E: Inner membrane

F: Cristae

G: Matrix

H: Free ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix

What are plastids?

A family of closely related plant organelles which chloroplasts are part of

What are two examples of plastids? Define them.

Amyloplast: colorless organelle that stores starch (amylose), particularly in roots and tubers

Chromoplast: has pigments that give fruits and flowers their orange and yellow hues

What is a peroxisome? What is its function?

• Specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane

• Contains enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from certain molecules and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2)

How do peroxisomes grow in size?

By incorporating proteins made in the cytosol and ER, as well as lipids made in the ER and within the peroxisome itself