Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

What self-concept begins in early childhood?

Children notice physical differences between themselves and other children

Younger children are overly ________

optimistic

What ages can children name emotions based on expressive cues?

ages 3-4

What age do children begin to understand the desire to motivate emotion?

age 5

Empathy

the capacity to understand another person’s emotions

What is instrumental aggression?

aggression that is used to achieve a goal

What is verbale agression?

aggression used to harm social relationships

What is relational aggression?

non-physical acts intended to harm other’s social connections

What are the characteristics of authoritative parenting?

high warmth and high control

What are the characteristics of authoritarian parenting?

low warmth and high control

What are the characteristics of indulgent parenting?

high warmth and low control

What are the characteristics of uninvolved parenting?

low warmth and low control

What is the effect of physical punishment?

is only effective for a short time

What is the effect of indictive discipline?

helps to reason with the child

What is heteronomous morality? and when does it occur?

the idea that rules cannot be fixed at age 6

What is autonomous morality? and when does it occur?

rules are the product of group agreement at age 7

When do imaginary friends typically emerge?

as early as 2-3 years old