DTU BIO 4 Proteins

What are Phylogenetic trees?

Diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

What is LUCA?

The last universal common ancestor, the most recent organism from which all life on Earth descends.

What are Alleles?

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

What is the Gene pool?

The complete set of genetic information within a population, including all alleles.

What are Mutagens?

Agents that cause mutations in DNA, including chemicals and physical phenomena.

What is horizontal gene transfer?

The movement of genetic material between organisms, bypassing traditional reproduction.

What is a Genome-wide association study (GWAS)?

An observational study used to associate specific genetic variations with particular diseases.

Adaptive laboratory evolution involves?

An experimental process where organisms undergo evolutionary changes in a controlled environment to study evolutionary processes.

What is convergent evolution?

Evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures.

What is the Lytic cycle?

A viral replication cycle where the virus hijacks the host cell and produces new virions, leading to cell lysis.

Describe the Lysogenic cycle?

A viral replication cycle where the viral genome integrates into the host genome and replicates silently without killing the host.

What is a retrovirus?

A type of virus that transcribes its RNA into DNA in the host cell, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

What is a gene drive?

A genetic engineering technology that promotes the inheritance of a particular gene to increase its prevalence in a population.

What is De-extinction?

The process of reviving extinct species through genetic methods.

What is nutrient pollution?

Pollution caused by excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to negative environmental impacts.

Methane production in agriculture

The generation of methane gas as a byproduct of agricultural practices, particularly livestock farming, contributing to global warming.

What is Genetic engineering?

The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.