working w individuals, groups, families

Psychoanalytic theory- fraud

id, ego, superego

ID

• basic impulses [sex & aggression], instant gratification, irrational, impulsive, unconscious level

Ego

• medatior between ID & superego, rational. operates on a conscious level, problem solver, balance between pleasure & pain

Superego

• moral compass, mostly subconscious, striving for perfection, learned beliefs from parents

Behavioral theory- Pavlov

conditioning

Focuses on the outward behavior & dismisses inward experiences

all behaviors thought to be acquired through learning

focus on behavioral management

Classical conditioning

• learned behaviors are unconscious involuntary actions based on instincitive responses

  • Pavlov’s dogs, PTSD, phobias

Operant conditioning

• behaviors are voluntary actions learned through reinforcement & punishment

  • reinforcement= desirable behavior

  • punishment= undesirable behavior

Cognitive Behavioral therapy aims

focus on maladaptive mechanisms, thought processes, emotional responses and replacing them with more desirable patterns

• goal is to understand thought patterns and replace unhelpful ones w healthy, adaptive ones

Developmental theory- Erikson

Psychosocial stages

• trust v mistrust

• autonomy v shame & doubt

• initiative v guilt

• industry v inferiority

• identify v role confusion

• intimacy v isolation

• generativity v stagnation

• integrity v despair

Humanistic theory- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

basic needs

• food, water, warmth, rest

• security & safety

psychological needs

• belonging, friendships and intimate relationships

self-fulfillment needs

• achieving one’s full potential, + creative acitivities

Recovery model

• improving pt competencies, not just alleviating symptoms

• movement toward a meaningful way of life

• focus on what is good in life and not what is wrong

Peplau’s model of nurse-patient relationship

Phases

• preorientation

• orientation

  • identify pt’s needs

  • assessment phase

  • establish role of each person involved

  • familiarizing self and begin to establish trust

• working

  • encourage pt participation in care

  • help pt express feelings & identify problems

  • clarify goals and expectations

  • collab to create a personalized care plan

  • implement interventions

  • provide health education

  • encourage behavior changes and emotional growth

• termination

  • evaluate outcomes

  • prepare pt for independence

  • encourage the transfer of learned skills to the real world.

working with families

• nurture and support

• provide stability & cohesion

• encourage socialization