stats chap 1 vocab

statistics

the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and

analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions

data

consist of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.

population

entire group of individuals to be studied

individual

a person or object that is a member of a population being studied

sample

a subset of the population that is being studied

statistic

numerical summary based on a sample

parameter

numerical summary of a population

descriptive statistics

consist of organizing and summarizing data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs

inferential statistics

uses methods that take results from a sample, extends to the population, and measures the reliability of the result

qualitative/categorical variables

allows for classifications of individuals based on some characteristic

quantitative variables

provide numerical measures of individuals

discrete variable

a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values (0,1,2,3)

continuous variable

quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values it can take on and can be measured to any desired level of accuracy.

nominal level of measurement

the values of the variable name, label, or categorize, but does not allow for the vaules of the variable to be arranged in a ranked order

ordinal level of measurement

it has the properties of the nominal level of measurement and the naming scheme allows for the values of the variable to be arranged in a ranked, or specific, order.

interval level of measurement

a value of zero in the interval level of measurement does not mean the absence of the quantity

ratio level of measurement

a value of zero in the ratio level of measurement means the absence of the quantity

random sampling

the process of using chance to select individuals from a population to be included in the sample

stratified sample

obtained by separating the population into nonoverlapping groups called strata, then obtaining a simple random sample from each stratum

systematic sample

obtained by selecting every k individual from the population

cluster sample

obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or groups of individuals

convenience sampel

one in which the individuals in the sample are easily obtained