AP Human Geo Chapter 8 vocab

Vocab words

Stateless nation

A nation of people without a state that it considers home

multistate nation

ethnic or cultural groups that exist across multiple state boundaries, forming a cohesive identity despite being divided by political borders.

Autonomous Region

a designated area within a country that has a degree of self-governance, allowing it to make certain political, economic, and cultural decisions independently from the central government.

Semi-Autonomous Region

area where a group has some type of political autonomy.

Imperialism

the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means

Neocolonialism

refers to the practice of using economic, political, and cultural pressures to control or influence countries, especially those that were formerly colonized, without direct military or political intervention.

Shatterbelts

regions that are politically fragmented and often subject to external pressures and conflicts, typically located between larger, more powerful nations.

Choke Point

geographic locations where the flow of people and goods can be constricted and choked off in the event of a conflict.

Territoriality

the connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to where they live

Relic Boundary

a type of political boundary that no longer functions as an official border but still holds historical significance and may influence present-day cultural or social practices.

Superimposed Boundary

a political boundary that has been imposed on a region by an external authority, often without regard for the existing cultural or ethnic divisions among the local populations.

Subsequent Boundary

a political boundary that is established after a certain cultural or social landscape has developed, often reflecting the existing patterns of settlement and land use

Antecedent Boundary

political borders established before the area in question is well populated or developed, often based on natural features like rivers, mountains, or lines of latitude and longitude.

Geometric Boundary

A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs

Consequent Boundary

political boundaries that are drawn to accommodate the cultural, ethnic, or social characteristics of a particular area.

Defined Boundary

a Boundary is agreed to be made between two parties in a treaty or other legal document

Delimited Boundary

a geographic boundary that is drawn on a m

Demarcated Boundary

a defined line that marks the limits of a state's territory, established through physical markers or agreed-upon boundaries in maps.

Administered Boundary

The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government

Demilitarized Zones

a region where military forces and equipment are prohibited, usually established as a buffer between hostile countries or factions to reduce the risk of conflict

Law of the Sea

each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast.

Exclusive Economic Zones

a maritime zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline, where the state has exclusive rights to explore and exploit marine resources

Redistricting

the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral districts to reflect changes in population and ensure fair representation.

Devolution

The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state or breakup of a large state (balkanization) into several independent ones

Ethnic Separatism

the advocacy for the separation of a particular ethnic group from a larger political entity, often driven by the desire for self-determination, autonomy, or independence

Ethnic Cleansing

forcible removal of a certain ethnic, racial, or religious group, usually to create an ethnically homogeneous area.

Irredentism

a political and nationalist ideology that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a territory that the movement's adherents believe rightfully belongs to their nation

Democratization

The process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popularly elected officials

Transnationalism

the process by which individuals, communities, and organizations extend their connections and activities beyond national borders, creating networks that span multiple countries

Supernationalism

the process of nation states organizing politically and economically into one organization or alliance, forming supranational organizations, where three or more countries form an alliance for cultural, economic, or military reasons.

Ethnonationalism

understandings and forms of nationalism that regard ethnicity and ethnic ties as core components of conceptions and experiences of the “nation”