AP World History Study Guide Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key concepts and topics discussed in the AP World History lecture notes, focusing on the periods 1200-1450, 1450-1750, 1750-1900 and 1900-Present.

What dynasty in Asia demonstrated continuity and change, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century?

The Song Dynasty of China

How did the Song Dynasty maintain and justify its rule?

Utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and empirical bureaucracy

What philosophy teaches that human society is hierarchical by nature?

Confucianism

What does Confucianism say about harmony in society?

Harmony is achieved when everyone understands their proper role in society.

What time period did the Yuan Dynasty rule?

1279-1368

What empire did the Yuan Dynasty extend the influence of?

The Mongol Empire

What time period did the Ming Dynasty rule?

1368-1644

What did Zheng He do under the Ming Dynasty?

Conducted maritime explorations, expanding Chinese influence

What time period did the Qing (Manchu) Empire rule?

1644-1911/12

What did the Song state structure focus on?

6 departments: Personnel, Finance, Rites, Army, Justice, Public Work

What concept was used rulers to legitimize their power?

Mandate of Heaven

What caused one to loss the Mandate of Heaven?

If a ruler was not virtuous

What is the practice of honoring one's parents and ancestors?

Filial Piety

What ideals were combined in Neo-Confucianism?

Daoism and Buddhism

What is IMPERIAL BUREAUCRACY?

A governmental structure that was made up of laws and rules needed to organize and administer neighboring places

What was the Civil Service Exam used for?

Exam used to identify and appoint skilled bureaucrats (scholars) to positions of officials in the government

Give an example of the Five Relationships.

Rulers > people, Men> women, Father>Children

What did the inferior must be and the superior must be?

Inferior must be obedient and loyal & Superior must be a set example for the inferior

Because women did not have any legal rights in what dynasty?

Song

What is FOOT BINDING?!

In Chinese and Song culture, from a young age girls would wrap their feet so tightly that bones would end up crushing.

What belief system caused Chinese cultural traditions to continue, and they influenced neighboring regions?

Filial piety in East Asia, influence of Neo-Confucianism & Buddhism in East Asia, Chinese traditions of respect and the treatment of women traveled to Meian Japan & Korea. So did scholarly traditions like writing.

What happened if one scored well on the civil service text?

Jobs were firmly awarded by those who were educated on Confucian texts, and scored well.

What was China's wealth lightened?

Although the Song Dynasty was starting to maintain a strong government, due to the amount of men that were given official jobs they had to get paid

Who did Korea keep a tribute system with?

China

What did the tribute system between Korea and China consist of?

Korean officials would often visit the Song Dynasty and acknowledge them either by giving them materials or paying money.

What tradition did Japan not adapt from China?

Foot binding

What are the FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS of Buddhism?

Life is suffering, We suffer because we crave, We cease suffering when we cease craving, The Eightfold path leads to the cessation (ending) of suffering and crave

What is defined as a moral lifestyle and practice of meditation?

Eightfold Path

What type of Buddhism emphasized escaping the cycle of birth and death?

Theravada Buddhism

What type of Buddhism Emphasized that Buddhist teachings were available to all, and not just a select few.

Mahayana Buddhism

What type of Buddhism emphasized more mystical practices?

Tibetan Buddhism

What impacted China's economy?

Champa Rice (what truly impacted china's economy)

Why was Champa rice so impactful?

Drought Resistant ( meaning it could be grown in places where other rice couldn’t) Harvestable twice a year (meaning the double amount of production)

China Innovation?

Magnetic compass -Improved navigation in water -Further facilitated Sea Based trade among regions

China Innovation?

Junk Shops - Were bigger ships which allowed more storage, and made trading easier and faster.

What were the three major religions in Dar-al-Islam?

Judiasim, Christianity, Islam

Which religion taught followers that salvation is found in prayer, fasting, & also focusing on trading as Muhammed was a merchant?

Islam;Founded by Muhammed on the Arabian Peninsula

What happened after the DEATH OF MUHAMMED

Islam started to spread rapidly throughout the Middle East, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and all the way to Asia.

When was the ABBASID CALIPHATE founded?

8th century

What Golden Age was the ABBASID CALIPHATE in power?

Golden Age of Islam (Time of innovation; science, math, literature)

Who was the SELJUK EMPIRE brought to expand their military?

Abbasid

Who ruled Egypt under the Ayyubid Sultanate?

Saladin

Who implemented Sharia Law?

DELHI SUlTNATE

How did Islam spread through military expansion?

DELHI SULTANATE

How did Islam spread through merchant activity?

Trade ( North Africa ruled by Muslims = trade and wealth)

Who invented trigonometry to better understand planets and stars?

Nasir-al-Din-al-Tusi

When was the House of Wisdom established?

Established in Baghdad during the Golden age of Islam

What made muslim scholars responsible?

reserving Greek moral & natural philosophy from people like Aristotle and Plato

Polytheistic belief system

Hinduism

Ultimate goal of Hindusim

reunite their individual souls to the world- soul known as Braham. Involves cycling through death & rebirth (reincarnation) to achieve

How did VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE come about?

Muslim sultans wanted to expand the Island down to the South; they ended up converting to Hindu, and starting a rival.

What did SRIVIJAYA control

Waterway called Strait of Malacca

How did SINHALA DYNASTIES legitimize rule?

Used Buddhism to legitimize rule -Sponsoring Buddhist architecture, employing Buddhist monks

What did the KHMER EMPIRE- build?

Angkor Wat (Entire Hindu universe, in a building)

MAYAN STATE BUILDING

State structure was a decentralized collection of city-states that were frequency at war with one another

What was constructed to secure power over MesoAmerican people?

They Claimed Heritage Over Older MesoAmerican People

POWERS of the INCAS

-centralized power and massive bureaucracy

What is

MITA SYSTEM-Bureaucracy system that was used

What was built around agriculture?

Their society was developed around agriculture

Who ruled each town & extended political power over small satellite settlements?

powerfuel chiefs known as the great sun

SWAHILI CIVILIZATION

Conversion of swahili elite took place voluntarily & that was good because it connected them to the economic world of Dar-Al-islam

What did merchants in SWAHILI CIVILIZATION were interested in?

Gold, Ivory, Timber, and Enslaved laborers

What in uences the swahili language?

Islam

What religion was the KINGDOM OF ETHIOPIA focused on?

Christianity

DOMINATES EUROPE

CHRISTIANITY

What keeps christianity alive in EUROPE?

Byzantine empire

What was organized around Feudalism in western Europe?

the social, political, and economic empire

FEUDALISM

A system between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights

MANORIALISM

peasants were bound to land and worked in it for exchange of protection from lord or the military

Increased interregional trade due to

Development of many economies, Increasing use of credit, Rise of banks

Proto-industrialization

A process by which China began producing more goods than their own population could consume, which were then sold in distant markets -Boosted economy

Who united the Mongols in 1206?

Temujin/ Chinggis Khan

Pax Mongolia

peace of the Mongols after expansion

The 4 Khanates

The Golden Horde: Located in modern-day Russia and Central China The Chagatai Khanate covered parts of Central Asia The Ilkhanate was centered in Persia (modern-day Persia) The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China

Under Mongol rule the silk roads were never?

more organized and prosperous

Stations that were set up at regular intervals across the empire, allowing for the the rapid transport of goods, people, and information

Yam system

What movement was encouraged by people skilled people to all diferent parts of the empire,

transfer of technology, ideas, and culture

Causes of expansion of Indian Ocean trade?

Collapse of the Mongol Empire, Commercialized practices, Transportation technologies

Diasporic communities

A group of people from one place who established a home in another place while still retaining their cultural customs

Zheng He

Ming Dynasty, Tribute system

Trans-saharan goods

Gold, Kola nuts, Horses, Salt

Sultan of Malacca AND Mali

controlled strategic points along high-traffic trade routes -grew in power and wealth

Mansa Musa

pilgrimage to Mecca -during this journey, he dropped so much gold into the Egyptian Economy He did this to demonstrate the immense wealth and power of the Mali Empire, which was a strategic way to impress the world

Bagdad

the capital of Islamic culture and artistic achievement -Mongols arrived ->decline, end of Abbasid Empire

Constantinople

Political and religious capital of the Byzantine Empire

Environmental Effects of Connectivity

Agriculture, disease

Gunpowder Empire

Controlled Dardanelles (piece of water)

Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, Qing Dynasty

Sunni Believed

Muhhamids true successor could be elected

Shia Believed

Muhhamids, the true successor must be a blood relative

Safavid-Mughal conflict

had many wars in the past -both wanted to expand into the Persin Golf -Safavids were Shi’a and Mughals were Sunni = big conflict

What does Legitimate power mean?

refers to the methods the ruler uses to communicate to all their subjects who is in charge

What does Consolidate power mean?

measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups and claim it for themselves

Devirme system

A system by which the Ottomans staffed their imperial bureaucracy with highly trained individuals, most of whom were enslaved

Janissaries

the core of the Ottoman army

Inca Sun Temple

made/covered in gold for power to worship Gods

Louis XIVconsolidated power

by forcing the French Nobility to live there part-time

Belief system

Christianity, Islam, Syncretism

Martin Luther

noticed things in the bible about selling indulgences, he created the 95 thesis and nailed it to the front of the Church

European Innovations

adopted technologies