Topic 2 – States of Matter & Mixtures

States of Matter

Solid; liquid; and gas are states of matter; solids have fixed shape; liquids flow; gases are compressible

Purity

A pure substance contains only one element or compound; has a sharp melting or boiling point

Formulations

A formulation is a mixture with specific properties and uses (e.g.

Filtration

Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid using filter paper

Crystallisation

Crystallisation separates a soluble solid from a solvent; crystals form as solution cools

Simple Distillation

Simple distillation separates a liquid from a solution based on boiling point

Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation separates liquids with different boiling points using a fractionating column

Paper Chromatography

Paper chromatography separates substances based on solubility and affinity for mobile and stationary phases

Mobile Phase

The mobile phase is the solvent that moves through the chromatography system

Stationary Phase

The stationary phase is the paper or solid that does not move

Rf Value

Rf value = distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent

Waste Water Treatment

Waste water is treated by sedimentation; filtration; and chemical or biological processes

Potable Water

Potable water is safe to drink; treated by filtration and sterilisation