Henry VII strengthening government

How many times did parliament meet during Henry's reign?

7 times, 4 times in the 1st decade

What was parliament used for?

Acts of attainder, upholding Henry's claim and defining JP responsibilities

Why were sessions short?

Henry avoided asking the country for money and avoided war, acts of attainder were at the start and end of his reign and parliament's role as a court of law was fulfilled by other courts

What committees were formed from the King's Council? (central government)

Court of Requests, Court of General Surveyors, and the Council Learned in the Law

Where did Henry draw his chief advisors from? (CG)

Didn't rely on families and drew from lesser landowners, gentry or professional classes

Who did Henry need experts in? (CG)

property law, administration to exploit his finances

Why was the Council Learned in the Law hated?

Supervised the collection of bonds and recognisances, became more hated after 1504 as royal rights enforced

Which leaders of the council were executed? (CG)

Empson and Dudley

How many KC members were there? (CG)

200

What were regional governments used for?

Ensure authority of CGs, developed yorkist use of RG's in the North, Wales and Ireland (places with limited royal authority)

Who was Henry's first deputy in the North and who replaced him? (RG)

Earl of Northumbland, died after Yorkshire uprising, replaced by Earl of Surrey

What did the Council of the North have to do? (RG)

Defend the Northern border from Scotland and had judicial power to enforce laws quickly

What was Poyning's Law? (1494) (RG)

Irish parliament could only call and pass laws with the king's permission

Which councils had existed in Wales?

Council of Wales and Marches since 1472 but no attempt had been made to create a county system, lordships, or to abolish the privileges of the Marcher lords

When did Henry revive said councils in Wales? (RG)

1493, under the head of his son, Arthur

Which family was very powerful in Ireland? (RG)

Kildares, Henry restored Lord Kildare as Lord Deputy

Which region in Ireland was hard to bring under control? (RG)

Ulster, Henry relied on its rule through traditional families

Which area was unruly during WOTR? (RG)

Wales

What did Henry do when Marcher lords died? (RG)

Took their lands and increased his control in Wales

Which deputy failed to bring Ulster under control? (RG)

Sir Edwards Poynings

Where was direct English control limited to in Ireland? (RG)

An area outside of Dublin called the Pale

What mistake did Edward IV make with local government?

Relied on many powerful families but this gave this too much power and influence, they ignored royal commands

What did Henry lack in terms of LGs?

Paid officials in localities to enforce law and order so he had to rely on nobility and gentry

Which men did Henry rely on? (LG)

Earl of Shrewsbury in W Midlands and Lord Hastings in N Midlands

How did Henry choose JPs? (LG)

Chose men annually from the 2nd rank of landowners - loyalty more assured and weakened power of nobles

What did the JPs do? (LG)

Fulfilled a range of roles but were dependent on others bringing offenders to them. They were unpaid but bonds meant they were more loyal

Who was reluctant to act? (LG)

Local officials, so Henry had to rely on good will to ensure justice was implemented