History II Exam 3 - De Stijl & Corbusier

What is De Stijl?

Artistic movement from Netherlands.

What was De Stijl about?

This movement embraced basic visual elements like

1. Geometric Forms

2. Primary Colors

Against what syle did the De Stijl movement was reacting?

Against the Art Noveau due all the decorative excess the style came with.

De Stijl movement had some precedents from style fo the past?

No. This style was created for being part of a new era of the world and, it was consideres as a universal language.

It was a break from Beaux arts axial classicism

Who is Piet Mondrian

Dutch artist. Creator of Neoplasticsm.

What is Neoplasticism based on?

1. Based on the fundamental principle of geometry, combined with a astrong asymmetrically.

2. It also involved the use of pure primary colors with black and white.

3. And, relationship between positive and negative elemets.

With the help of what concept did Modnrian simplified his painting?

With Cubism

Who was the ambassador of Neoplasticsm in Europe?

Theo Van Doesburg

Goal of Neoplasticsm

Create buildings that look as an abstract sculpture

Characterstics of Planes

Blue - Red - Yellow composiyion

Dynamic asymmetrical balance

Interaction of form and space

Interaction of colored planes

Name and inventor.

Red, White and Blue chair - Created by Gerrit Rietveld

Charactersitics of the Red, White and Blue Chair

Free Planes

Extension of the Joint

Primary color

N - S - A - L

Schroder House

De Stijl

Gerrit Reitveld

Utrecht, Holland

Schroder House

Who is Charled Edouard Jeanneret-Gris

Architect

Painter

Urban Planer

Furniture Desogner

Architectural theoretician

Where did LeCobursier trevelled to?

First, Switzerland. He meet Joseph Hoffman there.

Second, Paris. He worked for Auguste Perret.

Third, Berlin. He worked for Peter Behrens.

What effect did these trips have over him?

He started to developed his own ideas about architecture

What visit affected the most to LC?

His trips to the Monastery at Galluzo.

This site had a profound influence over his architectural ideas, for the rest of his life.

What did LC believed when he visited the monastery?

He believed that people should live as peacefully as the monks in there.

N - A

Dom-ino House

LeCobusier

What was the Dom-ino house?

This was a physical platform that serve as a prototype for houses.

What does Dom-ino means?

Is a combination of the word Domus, which means house in latin and, the game domino as the piece could be aligned and the platforms had a similar shape as the pieces.

What did LeCobusier develop alongside Rene Ozefant?

They develop a version of Cubist Painting called Purism

Why did LeCobusier mainly focused in paintings at that time?

He was focused on this because they were times of war and there was not any purpose in having architectural projects since they would much likely be destroyed.

Difference between Cubism and Purism?

Cubisim = Decorative

Purism = Organzed, Proportion and Mathematics

Where did LeCorbusier adopted this pseudonym?

In a magazine pubblished in 1920. Lepirit Nouveau.

What did the pseunonym reflected?

It was a relfecion of LeCorbusier beliief that anyone can reinvent themselves.

What is Verse Un Architecture?

(Towards an Architecture)

This is a book written by LeCorbusier in 1923.

Characterisitcs of Verse Un Architecture

Call for an architecture in tune or for the industrialized era.

Is one of the most influential books of the 20th century

Reinterpretation of history to contemporary purpose

What is the house according to LeCorbusier?

The house is a machine for living

Five Points of LeCorbusier.

1. Piloti elevating the first floor of the hosiue

2. Flat roof OR roof garden

3. Free Plan

4. HORIZONTAL or ribbon window

5. Free facade

N - S - A - L

Maison Citrohan

Early Modernism (Purism / Proto-International Style)

Le Corbusier

Purism

Characterisitcs of the Maison Citrohan

1. Geometrical

2. Designed as a prototype for repetable houses = standrdized construction

3. Functional Layout = Functionality over ornamental

4. Double-Height

5. Clean Facade = Free Facade

6. Horizontal window

7. Flat Roof = Roof terrace

8. Elevated from ground level = Pilotis

N - A - S - L

Pavilion De L’Espirit Nouveau

LeCorbusier

Modernism (International Style / Purism)

Paris and Bolognia

Characterisitcs of the Pavillion De L’Espirit Nouveau

1. Standardized = Proto for mass housing

2. Modular design

3. Double-Height

4. Open Plan

5. Furniture were part of the architecure

6. Roof Garden

7. Horizontal windows

8. Pilotis LOGIC (IT WAS NOT ELEVATED)

9. Clean

10. Intended to be part of a larger system of housing.

N - A - S - L

Villas Jeanneret la Roche

Le Corbusier

Early Modernism (Purism, transition toward International Style)

Paris, France

Charactersitics of the Villa Jeanneret la Roche

1. Twin houses that were interconnected =

• La Roche = art collector

• Jeanneret = family residence

2. Asymmetrical = Interlock masses with various volumes

3. PROMENADE ARCHITECTURALE = The movement was carefully planned through ramps, stairs and shifting views

4. Double height art exhibition

5. Curved and linear forms

6. Curved wall for art gallery

7. Open Plan = interior spaces are fluid

8. Horizontal windows

9. Roof terrace

10. Minimal ornamentation

11. Functionzal coning = separation between public and private spaces

Of what concept the Villa Jeannete La Roche was preocursor?

Of the FIVE POINTS.

What is Promenade Architecturale

Architecture is experienced through movement in spaces

Charactersitics of the Promenade architecturale.

1. Movement defines experience

Buildings are understood by walking through it, not from just one view.

2. Sequential perception

Spaces are revealed as you walk through it

3. Controlled views

The architect guides what you see and when you see it

4. Variations in scale, height and light

5. Ramps, stairs and corridors = Central for the design

6. Architecture unfolding over time.

N - S - A - L

Villa Stein-de-Monzie

Purism

Le Corbusier

Vasucresson, France

Charactersitics of the Villa Le Monzie

1. Long Horiztonal windows

2. Geometric = Rectangular volumes

3. Clean facade

4. Minimal decoration

5. Proportionalty

6. Asymmetrical but balanced

7. Integration of modern life with the car at the front

what does this mean

• Both follow Purist principles → clarity, order, simplicity

• The painting = 2D exploration of form

• The building = 3D realization of the same ideas

N - S - A - L

Villa Savoye

International style

Le Corbusier

Poissy-sur-Seine, France.

Charactersitics of the Villa Savoye

1. The five points of architecture fully applied.

• Pilotis

• Free plan

• Free facade

• Horizontal windows

• Roof garden

2. Promenade Architecturale

“Experience of spaces through movement”

• Ramp + Stairs

• Spaces revealed sequantially

3. Geometric Purity = curvilinear and rectilinear shapes designing the building volume and experience

4. Form follows function = no ornaments

N - S - A - L

Pavillon Suisse, Cite Universitaire

International style / Modernism

Le Corbusier

Paris, France.

Characterisitcs of the Pavillon Suisse

1. Layout prioritized efficeicny and living needs

2. Geomtric volumes

3. No ornamentation

4. Elevated

5. Horizontal windows

6. Industrial and natural material mix = Glass/Concrete + Stone wall

7. Less pure modernism because is monolithic

CHARLOTTE PERRIAND

French architect and desinger

Key in modernist design

She combined functionality, simplicity and human comfort

LC FURNITURE COLLECTION

LC1. Basculant Chair

LC2. & LC3. Grand comfrort chair (LARGE AND PETIT)

LC4. Chaise loing

LC5. Sofa Bed

LC6. Table

LC7. Stool

LC Furniture Collection Designer

LeCorbusier, Perriand and Pierre Janneret

Characteristics of LC Furniture

1. International Style

2. Tubular steel strcuture

3. exposed frame

4. geometrical

5. functional

6. mass productive

7. machine for living