World History World War 1

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

This was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to fight and they went to war against Serbia; all of this due to Serbia wanting to expand

Woodrow Wilson

This was the president who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points.

Austria-Hungary

This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany

This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals.

U-boats

This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Nationalism

This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation.

Allied Powers

This alliance during WWI included the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy (switched to the Allied Powers in 1915). (The blue countries of the East and West on map above)

Wilson's Fourteen Points

This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.

Zimmerman Telegram

This intercepted note from the German foreign minister to the Mexican government offered, territories in Texas, Arizona and New Mexico for Mexico. The note also confirmed the new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany against the Allied Powers. This helped turn Americans against Germany in WWI.

Lusitania

This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany.

Trench Warfare

This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land.

Armistice, 1918

This was the agreement between the Allies and Central Powers that ended the fighting after WWI. It began at 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am. This marked a victory for the Allies and stated that the Central Powers lost. Germans would later look at this as "the stab in the back."

Reparations

This term refers to the payments and transfers of property that Germany was required to make under the treaty of Versailles.

League of Nations

This intergovernmental organization lasted from 1919-1946, was founded after the Paris Peace Conference. It did not work effectively to prevent WWII.

War Guilt Clause

This clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed all blame for WWI with Germany and its allies. This forced Germany to pay reparations for World War I.

Causes of World War I Imperialism

This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain.

Causes of World War I Alliances

This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war.

M.A.N.I.A.

These are the five main causes of World War I. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Assassination.

Triple Alliance

This alliance was made Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. IN RED ABOVE

Triple Entente

This alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. IN BLUE ABOVE

Balkan Region

Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off powder keg of Europe.

Central Powers

This was a major alliance at the 'center' of Europe during World War I, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. It was formerly known as the Triple Alliance before the war. SHOWN ABOVE IN RED.

Allied Powers

This was a major alliance during World War I made up of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. It was know n as the Triple Entente(a French word) before the war.

Western Front

This was a major front in World War I. A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. This is where most of the fighting happened in World War II.

Shlieffen Plan

This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWl. The plan was for troops to rapidly defeat France and move east to defeat Russia.

Eastern Front

This was a front in WWI. The region of fighting happened along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

This was the policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters.

How did the overseas colonies contribute to the Allied victory in World War I?

Colonies provided hundreds of thousands of troops.

Which single event ended the stalemate of trench warfare and resulted in the Allied Powers defeating Germany?

American financial support of Britain and France and the US intervention in the war in 1917.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters. Resulted in entry of the US into World War I.

Militarism

This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty which ended World War I that included large reparations from Germany, the formation of the League of Nations, and the mandate system.

Vladimir Lenin

Founder of the Bolshevik party and eventual leader of the U.S.S.R.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the U.S.S.R. who ruled after Lenin's death until 1953.

Tsar Nicholas II

The last Romanov emperor of Russia who will be overthrown during the Russian Revolution.

Bolshevik Revolution

Revolution where members of the Social Democratic party created the communist state which ultimately became the U.S.S.R.

Conscription

The compulsory call of civilians to military service; the draft.

Mobilization

The act of assembling and preparing troops and equipment for war.

League of Nations

International cooperative organization established after World War I to prevent future wars.

Mandate system

System by which the victors of World War I like Great Britain and France were given control over lands of Germany and the former Ottoman Empire to help them ultimately achieve independence. Included lands which eventually became Iraq, Transjordan, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon.