Cardiovascular Anatomy: Arteries, Veins, and Major Vessels

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Veins

carry blood towards the heart

Tunica interna or intima

innermost layer, lines lumen + consists of simple squamous epithelium; releases vasoactive chemicals

Tunica media

middle layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue; controls vessel diameter

Vasoconstriction

reduction of vessel diameter; increases the resistance to blood flow through the vessel

Vasodilation

increase in vessel diameter; reduces the resistance to blood flow through the vessel

Tunica external or adventitia

outer layer; anchors vessel to surrounding structures

Artery (microscopic)

round lumen, thick wall, prominent tunica media to handle high pressure

Vein (microscopic)

flattened lumen, thin wall, larger lumen, low pressure; contains venous valves to prevent back flow

Ascending aorta (1)

receives from → left ventricle; delivers to → aortic arch

Aortic arch (2)

receives from→ ascending aorta

delivers to → brachiocephalic a., left common carotid a., left subclavian a.

brachiocephalic artery (3)

Receives from → aortic arch

Delivers to → R. Subclavian a., R. Common carotid a.

Right subclavian artery (11)

Receives from → brachiocephalic a.

Delivers to → R. internal thoracic a., R. Vertebral a.

internal thoracic artery

Receives from → subclavian a.

Delivers to→ anterior intercostal a.

Anterior intercostal artery

Receives from →internal thoracic a.

Delivers to → intercostal muscles, pectorals, mammary glands

vertebral artery

Receives from → subclavian

Delivers through foramen magnum, joins opposite side to form basilar artery

basilar artery

Receives from → vertebral aa.

Delivers to →cerebellum, brainstem → posterior cerebral aa. (occipital lobe)

Right axillary artery

Receives from→ subclavian a.

Delivers to →shoulder, armpit, R. Brachial a.

Right brachial artery

Receives from → axillary a

Delivers to → R. Radial a., R. Ulnar a.

superficial palmar arch

Receives from → radial a. + ulnar a.

Delivers to → metacarpal a. of the hand

Deep palmar arch

Receives from → radial a. + ulnar a.

Delivers to → metacarpal a. of the hand

Metacarpal arteries

Receives from → superficial and deep palmar arches

Delivers to → digital a.

digital arteries

Receives from → metacarpal arteries

delivers to → fingers and thumbs

common carotid arteries (8 & 9)

Receives from → brachiocephalic (right), aortic arch (left)

Delivers to → external carotid, internal carotid

External carotid artery

Receives from → common carotid a.

Delivers to → face, jaw, neck

What artery does the internal carotid artery receive blood from?

Common carotid artery

What are the branches delivered by the internal carotid artery?

Ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, circle of Willis

Descending thoracic aorta

Receives from → aortic arch

Delivers to → esophageal aa., bronchial aa., phrenic aa., posterior intercostal aa.

Abdominal aorta receives from

descending aorta

Abdominal aorta Delivers to

Celiac a., superior mesenteric a., renal aa., gonadal aa., inferior mesenteric a., common iliac aa.

Superior mesenteric artery

Receives from → abdominal aorta

delivers to small intestine and much of the large intestines

Renal arteries

Receives from → abdominal aorta

Delivers to → kidneys

Gonadal arteries

Receives from → abdominal aorta

delivers to → testicular aa. (Testes) or ovarian aa. (Ovaries & uterus)

Inferior mesenteric artery

Receives from → abdominal aorta

delivers to → distal large intestine

Common iliac arteries

Receives from → abdominal aorta

delivers to → external illiac a., internal iliac a.

external iliac artery

Receives from → common iliac a.

delivers to → femoral a.

internal iliac artery

Receives from → common iliac a.

delivers to → Pelvic organs (bladder, uterus/prostate, gluteal muscles)

Femoral artery

Receives from → external iliac a.

delivers to → thigh muscles to popliteal a.

Popliteal artery

Receives from → femoral a.

delivers to → Anterior tibial a., posterior tibial a., fibular a.

anterior tibial artery

Receives from → popliteal a.

delivers to → dorsalis pedis a., supplies ankle and foot

posterior tibial artery

Receives from → popliteal a.

delivers to → Medial and lateral plantar arches, supplies plantar foot and toes

fibular (peroneal) artery

Receives from → popliteal a.

delivers to → Lateral leg

superior vena cava

Receives from → brachiocephalic vv., azygos v.

Drains to → right atrium

inferior vena cava

Receives from → common iliac vv., renal vv. Hepatic vv.

Drains to → right atrium

Hepatic portal vein

Receives from → superior mesenteric v., splenic v., inferior mesenteric v.

Drains to → liver

Which tunic controls vessel diameter

Tunic media (smooth muscle)

What arteries form the Circle of Willis?

Internal Carotid (anterior/middle cerebral branches) + posterior cerebral arteries

Which veins drain blood from below the diaphragm?

Inferior vena cava and hepatic portal system