B2 Cell division

Covers B2 in kerboodle

What is the function of chromosome ?

To carry the genes that contain the instructions for making new cells, tissues and organs.

What is a gene ?

A small section of DNA that controls a characteristic or part of a characteristic of your body

How many chromosomes do humans have ?

46

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have ?

23

Why is mitotic cell division important ?

For the growth, repair and development of multicellular organisms

What are the stages of the cell cycle ?

Stage 1; replication of the DNA to form two copies of each chromosome

stage 2 ; nucleus divides into two nuclei through mitosis

stage 3 ; Cell divides into two

In plant cells, where does mitosis take place ?

In the shoot and root tips

When can plant cells differentiate?

Throughout their life

When can animal cells differentiate?

At the early stages of development

Where do Embryonic stem cells come from ?

Human embryos

Where to adult stem cells come from ?

Adult bone marrow

Give two examples of conditions stem cells can help

Paralysis and diabetes

How are stem cells from plant meristems used ?

To produce new plant clones quickly and economically for research and agriculture

What is therapeutic cloning ?

Where an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient so the stem cells are not rejected and can be used for medical treatment

Why are some people against stem cell use ?

The ethical and religious reasons ; some believe that it kills the “child”.

What are the disadvantages of embryonic stem cells ?

Slow , difficult, expensive and hard to control

Advantages of embryonic stem cells

They divide quickly and can grow rapidly. They can also differentiate into most cell types compared to to adult stem cells

What is mitosis?

The division of the nucleus

How is a stem cell different to a nerve cell ?

A stem cell is undifferentiated

Name the cell cycle

1. The interphase

2. Mitosis

3. Cytokineses

Example of how adult stem cells can be used in treatments

Leukaemia

Heart disease

How to obtain embryonic stem cells ?

Using spare embryos from fertility treatments or therapeutic cloning

Diagram of stem cells being used

Advantages of stem cell usage

Can divide into other cell types

Can tear medical conditions and diseases

Can replace and repair damaged or destroyed cells

Can grow organs

Disadvantages of stem cell usage

Embryonic stem cells are hard to obtain

No guarantees in success

Difficult to find adult stem cell donors