Bio Test 1 - Review Flashcards (Question and Answer)

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards derived from the provided lecture notes.

The first forms of life on Earth were .

microorganisms

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a .

hypothesis

Which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science?

computer science

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called .

inductive reasoning

The process of helps to ensure that a scientist’s research is original, significant, logical, and thorough.

peer review

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning?

inductive reasoning

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the .

cell

Viruses are not considered living because they .

cannot reproduce

The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of .

eukaryotic cells

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a(n) .

population

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level?

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently?

at the branch tips

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?

54

Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called .

isotopes

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?

shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

hydrogen bond

Which of the following statements is not true?

Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth’s atmosphere.

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should .

decrease

We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a(n) .

base

Which of the following statements is true?

Acids and bases will neutralize each other.

Each carbon atom can bond with as many as other atom(s) or molecule(s).

four

Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon?

sodium

Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of

polymers

During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?

hydrolysis

The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2): C2H6O + CH3COOH What type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?

condensation

An example of a monosaccharide is .

Fructose, Glucose and Galactose

Cellulose and starch are examples of:

polysaccharides

Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?

cellulose

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a bond between glucose and .

glycosidic; galactose

Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates?

provide energy for muscle movement

Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:

they tend to dissolve in water easily

Phospholipids are important components of

the plasma membrane of cells

Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane?

within the tail bilayer

The monomers that make up proteins are called .

amino acids

The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?

secondary

Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure.

quaternary

A nucleotide of DNA may contain .

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

The building blocks of nucleic acids are .

nucleotides

How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?

Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure.

7. An example of a monosaccharide is .

Fuctose, Glucose, Galactose