DH 11 Radiology Quiz 1 - Week 1 and 2

Radiation

form of energy carried by waves or stream of particles

X-radiation

high energy radiation produced by collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube

Radiology

The science of radiation used in medicine

Radiograph

2d representation of a 3d object

Image receptor

recording mediums (x-ray film, digital sensors)

The x-ray was discovered by

Willelm Conrad Roentgen “ren-ken”

used in battlefield

The definition of disinfect is

use of chemical or physical procedure to inhibit or destroy all pathogens except spores

The #1 goal in operator protection is

avoid primary beam

What acronym for limiting the amount of radiation used on a patient?

ALARA

as low as reasonably achievable

What is the defintion of maximum permissible dose (MPD)?

the does of radiation that the body can endure with little or no injury within a specific period

Does the ADA and FDA determine how many radiographs are taken on each patient?

no

Bitewing film shows

crowns of upper and lower posterior teeth and alveolar crest in one image

• examines the interproximal

When would you take vertical bitewings?

when taking bitewings and you notice bone loss

Are dental x-ray images necessary?

Yes, some diseases are not noticeable

What are the 3 intraoral techniques for dental radiographs?

• Periapical (PA)

• Bite-wing (BW)

• Occlusal

What is the purpose of lead foil in the film package?

protect from backscatter and secondary radiation

Periapical (PAs) film shows?

examines entire tooth and supporting bone

• crown —> root (apex)

Instruments that contact but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone are classified as?

semicritical

Infection control definition

preventing the transmission of disease

x-ray equipment operating at or below 70kVp requires a minimum total filtration of __mm aluminum

1.5

x-ray equipment operating at or above 70kVp requires a minimum total filtration of __mm aluminum

2.5

What is the purpose of the aluminum disk filter?

acts as added filtration, filters out longer wavelengths (low energy wavelengths)

Collimation is used to?

restrict the size and shape of beam

Total infiltration is a combination of what types of infiltration?

inherit, added filtration

Occlusal film shows?

shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible (size 4)

• used for kids under 5

• if a instrument breaks

When was x-radiation discoved?

November 8, 1895

What did William Coolidge develop?

first x-ray tube used OIL

Is D or F film faster?

F film is fastest

• more halide crystals

D film is when its discovered

The invisble pattern of stored energy on the film is called?

latten pattern

Silver halide crystals purpose

absorb x-radiation and store the energy from the radiation

• sensitive to light or radiation

Gelatin purpose

absorbs processing solution and allows chemicals to react with silver halide crystals

Maximum accumulated dose (MAD)

accumulated lifetime radiaiton dose

MPD level for occupationally exposed person

50 MSV/YR = 5.0 REMS/YR

MPD level for non-occupationally exposed person

1 mSv/YR = 0.1 REM/YR

How far away to stand from primary beam?

6 feet away with proper barrier (wall)

Conditions required for infection (clinicians must break one of the 3)

1. susceptible host

2. pathogen with sufficient infectivity and numbers to cause infection

3. portal of entry through which the pathogen may enter the host (hang nail)

apsepsis

absence of pathogen

critical instruments

penetrate soft tissue or bone

semicritical instruments

contact, don’t penetrate (XCP)

Noncritical instruments

no contact (cone)

Federal regulations require that the x-ray beam be collimated to a diameter no more than ____ inches as it exits from the PID

2.75 inches