Diversity of Living Things - Test Outline Review

Practice flashcards based on lecture notes covering Lessons 1-6 from the Unit 4: Diversity of Living Things test outline.

What are the six characteristics of living things?

Cellular organization, metabolism, maintain homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction and heredity, and response to surroundings.

What are the three basic needs of living things?

Food, water, and living space.

What is taxonomy?

The process of grouping organisms based on their shared characteristics.

Who developed the system of classification?

Carolus Linnaeus.

What is binomial nomenclature?

A system of giving two-word Latin names to each species.

What are the eight levels of biological classification from broadest to most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

Prokaryotic cells are small, simple, unicellular, and lack a membrane-bound nucleus; Eukaryotic cells are complex, often multicellular, and have a membrane-bound nucleus.

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Unicellular organisms have only one cell; multicellular organisms have two or more cells.

What are the three domains of life?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya.

What are the six kingdoms?

Archaebacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Eubacteria, Fungi.

What is a dichotomous key?

A two-part key to identify organisms.

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs make their own food; heterotrophs get their own food.

Explain species diversity.

The variety and abundance of species in a given area.

Explain genetic diversity.

The variety of inherited traits within a species.

Explain ecosystem diversity.

The rich diversity of ecosystems found on Earth.

How does genetic diversity provide resistance to disease?

If none of the individuals in a population have the ability to survive the disease, the whole population could be eliminated.

How does ecosystem diversity benefit plant species?

It leads to an increase in plant cover, a decrease in the number of invasive species, and a decrease in the disease severity index.

What is an important skill related to cladograms?

Knowing how to read a cladogram.

Why are viruses not considered living by scientists?

They are not capable of independent life, are not cellular, and have no membrane-bound nucleus.

What are viruses composed of?

Genetic material (RNA or DNA) and a protective protein layer called a capsid.

How do viruses reproduce?

They need a host cell to reproduce multiple copies of themselves because they do not reproduce with cell division.

Describe the attachment phase of the lytic cycle.

Viruses attach to the cell wall of the host cell.

Describe the penetration phase of the lytic cycle.

Viruses enter the host cell through the cell membrane.

Describe the replication phase of the lytic cycle.

The virus takes over the host cell and makes more viral DNA/RNA.

Describe the assembly phase of the lytic cycle.

Viral components are assembled into new virus particles.

Describe the lysis and release phase of the lytic cycle.

New virus particles rupture from the host cell.

Describe the lysogenic cycle of a virus.

The viral DNA enters the nucleus of the host cell and becomes part of the host cell's chromosomes.

What is a provirus?

A provirus is viral DNA integrated into the host cell's chromosome, which can invade a cell but can't kill it.

Describe the physical characteristics of bacteria.

Unicellular microorganisms ranging in lengths from a few micrometers to 0.5 millimeters.

How do bacteria move within an environment?

Using flagella or pili.

Describe the Lag Phase of bacterial growth.

Bacteria are adjusting to a new environment and growing slowly.

Describe the Log Phase of bacterial growth.

This phase is characterized by exponential growth.

Describe the Stationary Phase of bacterial growth.

Bacteria have reached their carrying capacity.

Describe the Death Phase of bacterial growth.

This phase involves the logarithmic death of bacteria as nutrients get used up.

What is mutualism in bacterial interaction?

An interaction where all parties benefit.

What is parasitism in bacterial interaction?

An interaction where one party benefits.

How are bacterial diseases treated?

With antibiotics.

How do bacteria become antibiotic resistant?

Many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics due to overuse for treatment of things not caused by bacteria.