Patho Exam 4

What is movement of air in and out of the lungs to the alveoli?

Ventilation

What are tiny air sacs of the lung which allow for rapid gas exchange?

Alveoli

What is movement of blood in and out of capillary beds of lungs to body organs/tissues?

Perfusion

What is movement of gas between air spaces in lungs and bloodstream?

Diffusion

What is a diagnostic test for pulmonary disorders?

PFT (Pulmonary function testing)

What is the evaluation of airflow in lungs where patient inhales deeply and exhales as quickly as possible until maximal air is exhaled?

PFT

What are the 3 types of Lung diseases?

Airway, Lung tissue, and lung circulation

Which lung disease affects the body’s ability to move air in and out of the lungs?

Airway

What are some airway disease examples?

Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, emphysema

What lung disease damages tissue from scarring or injury since they do not get enough gas exchange?

Lung tissue disease

What are examples of lung tissue disease?

Pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis

What lung disease affects the circulation of blood to and from the lungs?

Lung circulation disease

What are examples of lung circulation disease?

Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema

What is distorted angle of nail bed often seen in clients with chronic pulmonary diseases such as COPD, cystic fibrosis, or lung cancer?

Clubbing

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing

Bradypnea

Slow breathing

Apnea

No breathing

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Respirations increase in rate and depth and then become shallow 

and slow.

Kussmaul respiration

Deep and rapid respirations

shortness of breath on exertion (May not be relieved by sitting or standing)

Dyspnea

difficulty in breathing when lying flat (Relieved by sitting or standing)

Orthopnea

A loud, low-pitched, booming sound. 

hyperresonance (Excess air)

A soft, muffled, thud-like sound.

Dullness (fluid)

A low-pitched, hollow sound

Resonance (healthy)

what is insufficient delivery of air to alveoli which increases PaCO2 (hypercapnia) due to decreased respiration?

Hypoventilation

What increases air entering alveoli which decreases PaCO2 (hypocapnia) due to increased respiration ?

Hyperventilation

What is deficient levels of blood oxygen?

Hypoxemia

What is decrease in tissue oxygen?

Hypoxia