Bio

Aerobic respiration

(With oxygen) pyruvate converted to CO2

Fermentation

(Without oxygen) pyruvate converted to lactate or ethanol

Anabolic pathways

Synthetic, converts small molecules to big molecules

Catabolic Pathway

Degradative, convert large molecules to small

Metabolic cofactors

Electron carriers, acyl or acetyl group carrier(Coenzymes A)

Na+/K+ pump

-direct active transport

-K+ high inside cell

-Na+ low inside cell

2K are pumped in and 3 Na pumped out(endergonic)

Na+/glucose symporter

Indirect active transport found in intestinal cells

-2 Na pumped in with 1 glucose

-exergonic

Cystic Fibrosis

Mutation in transmembrane protien responsible for transporting Cl- out of the cell

ATP synthesis

Dependent on ETC, protons pumped into inner membrane space then flows back through, full oxidation of glucose

Cyanide

Binds to C and stops electron transport III and IV

Glucogensis

Making glucose from lactate and pyruvate

Cori cycle

Lactate transferred to liver and turned into glucose

Cellular respiration

Flow of electrons to external receptor, O2 reduced to water, requires active carriers

Active carriers

NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme Q

Citric acid

Pyruvate fully oxidized to CO2

Electron transport chain

Highly exergonic happens in inner Mitochondrial membrane

Tay-sacs

Mutation in HEXA results in buildup of GMZ (muscle deterioration)

GULT 2

Na+

NAD

Derived from B3

FAD

Derived from B2

Gluconeogenesis

Anabolism

Complex not pumping electrons

II

DNP

Made by removing protons from inner membrane space