HEAD AND NECK EXAM 1

intraoral/extra oral exams and procedures, local anesthesia, and radiographs

Thorough knowledge of head and neck structures is needed for performing …

anatomic nomenclature

system of names used for anatomic structures

patient examination, patient record, and clinical procedures

anatomic nomenclature allows for easy application to…

anatomic position

Anatomic nomenclature is based off the body being in what position

anatomic position

when the body is standing erect, arms are at the side, and palms, toes, and eyes are facing forward

supine

body is on the back

prone

body is on the front

superior

area faces toward the head and away from the feet

inferior

area faces away from the head and toward the feet

anterior (ventral)

front area in relation to the entire body

posterior (dorsal)

back area in relation to the entire body

apex

pointed end of a conical structure

four

The body is divided into how many planes

coronal/frontal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

transverse/axial plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts, always perpendicular to the midsagittal

midsaggital/median plan

divides the body into equal right and left halves

sagittal plane

same lengthwise manner, parallel to the midsaggital plane

median

at the midsaggital plane

medial

closer to the median plane

mesial

closer to the median plane within the dentition

lateral

farther away from the median plane

proximal

closer to the median plane

distal

structure that sits further away from the median plane within the dentition

ipislateral

structure on the same side of the body

superficial

closer to the surface of the body

internal

inner wall of hallow structure like brain case, oral cavity

external

outer wall of hallow structure

contralateral

structure on opposite side of the body

deep

farther away from the surface of the body

12

how many cranial nerves are there?

peripheral nervous system

what system are cranial nerves part of

afferent, efferent

The cranial nerves can be either BLANK or BLANK or both neural processes

the brain at its base, the skull by way of fissures or foramina

The paired 12 cranial nerves are connected to what and pass through what

it descends through the neck and into the thorax (chest) and abdomen where it incarnates internal organs

What is special about the tenth cranial or vagus nerve

according to their location in the brain, going from the anterior of the brain to its posterior

how are cranial nerves numbered

olfactory, I (1)

smell (name the nerve)

optic (II) 2

vision, name the nerve

oculomotor (III) 3

eye movement, name the nerve

trochlear (IV) 4

eye movement(one eye muscle), name the nerve

trigeminal (V) 5

mastication, face and teeth, name the nerve

abducens (VI) 6

lateral eye movement, name the nerve

Facial (VII) 7

facial expression, name the nerve

vestibulocochlear (VIII) 8

hearing and balance, name the nerve

glossopharyngeal (IX) 9

tongue, gag reflex, name the nerve

vagus (X) 10

soft palate breathing, HR, name the nerve

accessory(XI) 11

neck and shoulders, name the nerve

hypoglossal (XII) 12

tongue movement, name the nerve

sensory

afferent meaning

motor

efferent

surface anatomy

the study of structural relationships between the external features and the internal parts and organs

the patient record

Any changes notes in surface anatomy should be recorded in BLANK

12

How many regions of the head are there

6 (split into two groups)

How many regions of the neck are there

anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle

what are the names of the two main regions of the neck.

front, forehead

frontal

side of head

parietal

base skull

occipital

temple

temporal

ear

auricular

eye

orbital

nose

nasal

under eye

infraorbital

cheekbone

zygomatic

cheek

buccal

mouth

oral

chin

mental

forehead, eyes, by the deeper skull bone

frontal region, what is it and what area is it superior to, and what is defined by

frontal eminence

bony prominence of the forehead

glabella

smooth elevated area between the eyebrows

super orbital ridge or superciliary ridge

bony prominence of the brow ridge

scalp, deeper bones

the parietal and occipital regions are covered by what and defined by what

cribiform plate

what is the skull opening for olfactory

optic canal

what is the skull opening for optic

superior orbital fissure

what is the skull opening for oculomotor

superior orbital fissure

what is the skull opening for trochlear

superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale

what is the skull opening for trigeminal

superior orbital fissure

what is the skull opening for abducens

styloid mastoid foramen

what is the skull opening for facial

internal acoustic meat is

what is the skull opening for vestibulocochlear

jugular foramen

what is the skull opening for glossopharyngeal

jugular foramen

what is the skull opening for vagus

jugular foramen

what is the skull opening for accessory

hypoglossal canal

what is the skull opening for hypoglossal

connective

The scalp has loos BLANK tissue

because it has loose connective tissue, the epicranial aponeurosis prevents it from going into the neck

why does infection spread easily in the scalp and what prevents the infection from going into the neck

hematoma may develop in the eyes due to fluid moving into the orbital area

When someone has a scalp injury how can it effect the eye and why

exsanguination

Scalp lacerations can cause BLANK due to CT and blood vessels

superficial side

What side of the head is the temporal region on

posterior

The temple area is BLANK to each eye

superficial temporal artery

can be visible on the side of the head, enlarged in some patients and tender upon palpitation

external ear or outer ear

What’s the prominent region of the auricular region

ear flap

auricle

external ear opening

external acoustic meatus

helix

superior and posterior free margin of the auricle

tragus

smaller flap of tissue on the auricle opposite the EAM

intertragic notch

deep notch between the tragus and the antitragus

antitragus

other flap of tissue opposite the tragus

lobule

fleshy inferior part of the ear

eyes

The orbital region includes the forehead and the area superior to the BLANK

upper eyelid/lower eyelid

covers and protects the eyeball, closed to blink and cover the eye