Renal- BPH

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the urinary system, including UTIs, incontinence, and their risk factors.

In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cell overgrowth occurs primarily in which zone?

A) Peripheral zone
B) Transition zone
C) Central zone
D) Fibromuscular zone

B) Transition zone

How does prostate cell overgrowth in BPH directly impact urinary function?

A) Increases bladder capacity
B) Dilates the ureters
C) Compresses the urethra
D) Relaxes the pelvic floor

C) Compresses the urethra

Select all that apply: Which of the following are recognized risk factors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

A) Age > 50
B) Family history
C) Obesity
D) Metabolic syndrome
E) High protein diet

A, B, C, D

At what age does the clinical risk for BPH typically become significant?

A) > 30
B) > 40
C) > 50
D) > 20

C) > 50

Which metabolic condition is identified as a risk factor for the development of BPH?

A) Type 1 Diabetes
B) Metabolic syndrome
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Addison's disease

B) Metabolic syndrome

Select all that apply: Which clinical manifestations are considered obstructive symptoms of BPH?

A) Weak urine stream
B) Hesitancy
C) Dribbling
D) Incomplete emptying
E) Retention

A, B, C, D, E

What is the term for a patient waking up several times at night to urinate due to BPH?

A) Polyuria
B) Nocturia
C) Dysuria
D) Hematuria

B) Nocturia

A patient reports a delay in starting the urinary stream. This is documented as:

A) Urgency
B) Hesitancy
C) Incontinence
D) Frequency

B) Hesitancy

Select all that apply: Which of the following are irritative symptoms associated with BPH?

A) Frequency
B) Urgency
C) Nocturia
D) Dribbling

A, B, C

What is the primary result of urethral compression in BPH?

A) Renal calculi
B) Bladder outlet obstruction
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Urethral prolapse

B) Bladder outlet obstruction

When performing a bladder scan for Post-Void Residual (PVR), what volume indicates adequate emptying?

A) < 50 \text{ mL}
B) 200 \text{ mL}
C) 400 \text{ mL}
D) 150 \text{ mL}

A) < 50 \text{ mL}

A patient has a Post-Void Residual (PVR) of 200 \text{ mL}. How should the nurse interpret this?

A) Adequate emptying
B) Inadequate emptying
C) Bladder retention
D) Normal for age

B) Inadequate emptying

A bladder scan reveals a Post-Void Residual (PVR) of 400 \text{ mL}. This finding is categorized as:

A) Emptying
B) Retention
C) Inadequate
D) Normal

B) Retention

Which diagnostic test is used specifically to visualize structural issues in the bladder and urethra related to BPH?

A) UA & culture
B) Bladder scan
C) Cystoscopy
D) Renal biopsy

C) Cystoscopy

Why is a Urinalysis (UA) and culture often ordered for a patient with BPH?

A) To check for prostate cancer
B) To rule out or identify a secondary UTI
C) To measure prostate size
D) To assess blood glucose

B) To rule out or identify a secondary UTI

Select all that apply: Which are common complications resulting from untreated or severe BPH?

A) UTIs
B) Overflow incontinence
C) Bladder stones
D) Hydronephrosis
E) Urosepsis

A, B, C, D, E

In BPH, backflow of urine into the kidneys resulting in dilation of the renal pelvis is called:

A) Pyelonephritis
B) Hydronephrosis
C) Nephrolithiasis
D) Glomerulonephritis

B) Hydronephrosis

Which condition can result from chronic urinary obstruction and is characterized by long-term loss of kidney function?

A) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
B) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
C) Cystitis
D) Diabetes Insipidus

A) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

In BPH, leakage of urine that occurs because the bladder is too full is known as:

A) Stress incontinence
B) Urge incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence

C) Overflow incontinence

Select all that apply: What symptoms might indicate a UTI/Urosepsis in an older adult with BPH?

A) New-onset confusion
B) Lethargy
C) Poor appetite
D) Hyperactive reflexes

A, B, C

Which nursing intervention involves teaching the patient to wait a minute after voiding and then try again?

A) Credé maneuver
B) Double-voiding technique
C) Intermittent catheterization
D) Valsalva maneuver

B) Double-voiding technique

What laboratory values should the nurse monitor to assess renal function in a BPH patient?

A) AST/ALT
B) BUN and Creatinine (Cr)
C) Sodium and Potassium
D) Amylase and Lipase

B) BUN and Creatinine (Cr)

Select all that apply: Which are priority nursing interventions for managing BPH?

A) Bladder scans
B) Monitoring I&O
C) Encouraging timely voiding
D) Avoiding delayed urination
E) Teaching self-catheterization if needed

A, B, C, D, E

Why does the nurse encourage 'timely voiding' in a patient with BPH?

A) To increase urine concentration
B) To prevent bladder overdistenton and damage
C) To reduce the amount of fluid consumed
D) To strengthen the external sphincter

B) To prevent bladder overdistenton and damage

If a patient with BPH is unable to empty their bladder at all, what intervention is typically used?

A) Diuretic administration
B) Catheterization (indwelling or intermittent)
C) Increased fluid intake
D) Bed rest

B) Catheterization (indwelling or intermittent)

The nurse explains that obesity increases BPH risk because it is often associated with:

A) Increased urinary flow
B) Metabolic syndrome
C) Lower hormone levels
D) Decreased prostate size

B) Metabolic syndrome

What is the hallmark sign of bladder distention during a physical assessment?

A) Flat abdomen
B) Palpable, rounded mass in the suprapubic area
C) Rebound tenderness in the RUQ
D) Absent bowel sounds

B) Palpable, rounded mass in the suprapubic area

Select all that apply: Which diagnostic results indicate potential kidney damage from BPH obstruction?

A) Elevated Creatinine
B) Elevated BUN
C) Low PVR
D) Hydronephrosis on ultrasound

A, B, D

A patient with BPH reports 'dribbling' after voiding. This is classified as:

A) Irritative symptom
B) Obstructive symptom
C) Normal aging
D) Incontinence episode

B) Obstructive symptom

What is the primary reason for performing a Post-Void Residual measurement in a BPH patient?

A) To check for glucose
B) To assess for structural damage
C) To quantify volume remaining in bladder after voiding
D) To determine the color of the urine

C) To quantify volume remaining in bladder after voiding

Which of the following is a symptom of BPH that leads to sleep deprivation?

A) Hesitancy
B) Nocturia
C) Dribbling
D) Weak stream

B) Nocturia

Which anatomical structure is narrowed by the overgrowth of prostate cells in BPH?

A) Ureters
B) Urethra
C) Bladder neck
D) Vas deferens

B) Urethra

Select all that apply: Which habits should the nurse teach the patient to minimize BPH symptoms?

A) Avoid delaying urination
B) Empty bladder frequently
C) Increase caffeine intake
D) Use double-voiding technique

A, B, D

A patient with BPH presents with a fever and high WBC count. The nurse suspects:

A) Normal BPH progression
B) UTI/Urosepsis
C) Bladder stones only
D) Obesity complications

B) UTI/Urosepsis

Cystoscopy is primarily used to evaluate BPH when there is concern for:

A) Hormonal levels
B) Structural issues in the tract
C) Blood chemistry
D) Genetic risk

B) Structural issues in the tract

What does a PVR of zero usually indicate?

A) Retention
B) Complete bladder emptying
C) Kidney failure
D) Urethral blockage

B) Complete bladder emptying

Which nursing action is essential when monitoring a BPH patient for urinary retention?

A) Monitoring daily weight
B) Performing bladder scans after voiding
C) Assessing skin turgor
D) Checking blood pressure

B) Performing bladder scans after voiding

How is 'incomplete emptying' defined in the context of BPH patient complaints?

A) The need to void again immediately after urinating
B) Inability to start the stream
C) Small amounts of urine leaked on clothes
D) Waking up at night

A) The need to void again immediately after urinating

Select all that apply: Consequences of chronic urinary stasis in BPH include:

A) Bladder stone formation
B) Bacterial growth/UTI
C) Improved bladder muscle tone
D) Hydronephrosis

A, B, D

In older adults, why is a change in mental status a significant finding for BPH management?

A) It indicates the prostate is getting smaller
B) It is a classic sign of an underlying UTI/infection
C) It is a side effect of high urine output
D) It indicates family history

B) It is a classic sign of an underlying UTI/infection

The nurse monitor renal function (BUN/Cr) to detect which complication?

A) Prostate cancer
) Kidney damage caused by back-pressure
C) Bladder infection
D) Liver failure

B) Kidney damage caused by back-pressure

Which zone of the prostate is NOT the primary site for BPH overgrowth?

A) Transition zone
B) Peripheral zone
C) Median lobe
D) Central zone

B) Peripheral zone

Metabolic syndrome includes which of the following that increases BPH risk?

A) High blood pressure
B) Obesity/unhealthy blood sugar
C) Viral infections
D) Low protein

B) Obesity/unhealthy blood sugar

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanical issue in BPH?

A) Bladder wall thinning
B) Urethral compression
C) Kidney inflammation
D) Decreased detrusor pressure

B) Urethral compression

Select all that apply: Which of the following may be taught to patients who cannot empty their bladder due to BPH?

A) Proper hydration
B) Self-catheterization technique
C) Double-voiding
D) Restricting all fluid

B, C

When managing I&O for a patient with BPH, a significantly lower 'Out' than 'In' suggests:

A) Dehydration
B) Urinary retention
C) Excessive sweating
D) Normal aging

B) Urinary retention

Which symptom is characterized by a sudden, compelling desire to urinate?

A) Hesitancy
B) Urgency
C) Nocturia
D) Dribbling

B) Urgency

A patient with BPH risk factors asks about genetics. The nurse responds:

A) Genetics plays no role
B) Family history is a significant risk factor
C) Only mother's side height matters
D) Only siblings matter

B) Family history is a significant risk factor

Which of the following is considered 'adequate' bladder emptying after voiding?

A) 45 \text{ mL}
B) 150 \text{ mL}
C) 250 \text{ mL}
D) 400 \text{ mL}

A) 45 \text{ mL}

Select all that apply: Urinary complications from BPH can lead to which systemic issues?

A) Chronic Kidney Disease
B) Urosepsis
C) Hypertension (from volume/renal issues)
D) Liver failure

A, B, C

True or False: Double-voiding should be encouraged in BPH patients.

A) True
B) False

A) True

What finding confirms 'urinary retention' on a bladder scan?

A) < 50 \text{ mL}
B) 400 \text{ mL}
C) 0 \text{ mL}
D) 20 \text{ mL}

B) 400 \text{ mL}

Select all that apply: Which nursing interventions help track the health of the urinary tract in BPH?

A) Monitor BUN/Cr
B) Monitor I&O
C) Bladder scans for PVR
D) Vital sign assessment (for urosepsis)

A, B, C, D

Which of these is a risk factor according to clinical evidence?

A) Age < 30
) Family history
C) Underweight
D) Low salt diet

B) Family history

What is the sequence of event progression in BPH