HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF NURSING AND THE COMPUTER 2

Nursing Practice

• It has become an integral part of the EHR

• Computer systems with nursing and patient data, nursing care plans are now integrated into one interdisciplinary patient health record in the EHR

• Require patient care data to track the care process

• Introduce several nursing terminologies that were recognized by the ANA as coded terminologies usable for the EHR

• Used to assess problems, document care, track the care process, and measure outcomes

Nursing Administration

• Most policy and procedure manuals are accessed and retrieved by computer

• Workload measures, acuity systems and other nursing department systems are online and integrated with the hospital or patient’s EHR system or in separate nursing department systems

• Internet is being used by nurses to access digital libraries, online resources and research protocols at the bedside

Nursing Education

• Offers computer enhanced courses, online courses and/or distant education

• Campus-wide computer systems available for students to communicate via e-mail, transfer data files, access the digital libraries and retrieve online resources of millions of internet WWW sites

• Faculty members use the internet to teach courses via the web and communicate with their students via e-mail

• Interactive teleconferencing to remote sites

• Time, distance and cost are no longer barriers to educational programs

standard initiatives

Focusing on nursing practice standards, nursing data standards, and health care data standards as well as federal legislation that impact on the use of computer into nursing

Nursing Practice Standards

• Developed and recommended by ANA

• Recommended nursing process serve as the conceptual framework for the documentation of nursing practice

• Set also by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations (JCAHO) which stressed the need for adequate records on patients in hospitals and practice standards for the documentation of care by nurse

• A new requirement for the EHR

• 13 terminologies recognized by the ANA

• ANA is responsible for the recognition of the terminologies and for determining if they have met the criteria to be included in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical Language Systems (UMLS)

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations or JCAHO

The_____________________________________is a nonprofit organization based in the United States that accredits over 20,000 healthcare organizations and programs in the country.

Health Level Seven (HL7)

develop standards for the electronic interchange of clinical, financial and administrative information among independent healthcare-oriented information systems

SNOMED International

serve as the coding strategy for indexing the existing medical and disease condition nomenclature

National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics (NCVHS)

workgroup on computer-based patient records

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

to coordinate and approve voluntary standards efforts in the US

Combined with Health care informatics standards board

– acts as one linking to the two major organizations in Europe—European Standardization (CEN) and International Standards Organization (ISO)

American Society for Testing and Materials

develops standards for health information and health information system designed to assist vendors, users and anyone interested in systematizing health information